高考英语专题学案短文改错.docx
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高考英语专题学案短文改错.docx
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高考英语专题学案短文改错
短文改错答题技巧
高考英语中的短文改错题是大家所熟知的题型,近年来,高考英语全国卷的试卷结构和题型虽几经变革,但短文改错题始终存在。
短文改错又称proofreading,即校对式阅读。
它所设置的知识点灵活多变,知识层次多,不仅考查学生的阅读能力,同时考查学生对书面语言的监察能力,是一道多角度考查学生语言能力的题型,具有一定区分度和选拔性。
不可否认,短文改错题具有一定的难度,大部分学生在短文改错这一块的得分率很低。
那么怎样找错误就成了解题的关键。
一、高考短文改错的命题特征及考点归纳
1、选材特点。
短文改错题的选材多以记叙文为主,体裁和语言都贴近高中学生的实际生活。
所选短文长度一般为100词左右。
篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平,无生僻的语言障碍和怪、难、偏的句子结构。
2、设错特点。
通过对近十年高考短文改错题的分析和研读,发现短文改错题的考点很有规律,并且呈现极强的稳定性。
常规考点主要集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词、冠词、连词、介词、代词及各类从句的引导词等方面。
另外,短文改错的错误类型有错词、缺词和多词三种。
在短文的10处错误中,三种错误类型的分配比例一般遵循8/1/1原则,即8个错词修改,1个缺词添加、1个多词删除。
其中,错词修改常涉及动词、名词、形容词和副词等方面的错误。
缺词和多词则多为冠词或介词的冗余或缺失等。
二、短文改错题解题步骤
做短文改错要遵循以下几个步骤:
浏览要求,心中有数;通读全文,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找错;再读短文,检查漏洞。
即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。
第一步:
浏览要求,心中有数。
我们在解答任何题目之前,一定要先弄清题目要求,不能想当然或犯经验主义错误,只有认真读了题目要求之后,才能做到心中有数,避免在解题过程中犯非知识性的低级错误。
第二步:
通读全文,了解大意。
短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力,必须从全篇考虑,而不能只顾一句或一行。
因此,解答短文改错题要坚持从整体到局部,再从局部到整体,把握全文,用整体理解去改正词、句、篇上的错误。
第三步:
逐句分析,行中找错。
在把握全文的基础上,对每个句子进行认真的分析,看看单句是否有错;如果有错,有几处错误(通常情况下每句一个错误,最多不会超过两个错误),是什么错误,然后把发现的错误按题目进行改正。
这样把“短文改错”转化为“单句改错”,也相应降低了题目的难度。
第四步:
复读短文,检查漏洞。
做完以后,再把文章阅读一遍,检查是否有遗漏情况,尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。
三、短文改错常见错误类型:
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
②and前后动词时态不一致;
③主谓不一致;
④缺少动词,特别是be动词;
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;
⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.________________
Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.__________________
Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.______________
Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth._________________
基础巩固
As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.
The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.
It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle.
Charles worked hard since leaving school
真题链接
Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.
Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,…
Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.
Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.
IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.
2.名词的常见错误:
单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
I’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.
Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.
Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverteachwell.
基础巩固
Women live longer than men in most country.
Itis said that all the ticket have been sold out.
The children spend a lot of times watching TV.
真题链接
…theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.
Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.
IfirstmetLiMengatafriendbirthdaypartyfiveyearsago.
Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.
Myunclesaysthatthekeytohissuccessishonest.
3.冠词错误:
误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.
Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofpants.
Ihopeyouhavepleasantjourney.
基础巩固
Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.
In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.
You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it.
真题链接
…ittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.
…Awomansawhimsayingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.
…Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime.
Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.
4.形容词和副词错误:
系动词(am/is/are/was/were/become/go)和感官性动词(smell/feel)后用形容词;词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词和形容词)。
I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.
Mypronunciationwasterribly.
基础巩固
China is much more bigger than the United States.
There are few boys than girls in our class.
Theweatherisextremegood.
真题链接
Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,…
…hehopethathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.
DadandIwereterribleworried.
Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.
Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.
5.代词错误:
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us;they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。
SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.
OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.
Ifanyoneofushadanydifficultyinourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.
What’smore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.
真题链接
…Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.
Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworksinourschool.
6.非谓语动词的常见错误:
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.
Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.
Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.
Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.
基础巩固
It was silly of you believe what he said.
He was made wash the boss’s car once a day.
Iwilllet you to know as soon as I hear from her.
I waved to her but failed attract her attention
My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.
He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.
7.介词错误:
词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用。
Therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.
IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.
基础巩固
I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.
Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.
I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.
In English class, we often talk each other in English.
真题链接
ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.
Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.
Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortoftime.
8.连词错误:
连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。
关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.
Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.
Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard
基础巩固
Itis really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.
It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.
Thatis the hotel which we were staying last summer.
Thatis the palace where we visited last summer.
Hurry up, and you„ll be late for school.
She never said she was rich, and she was.
真题链接
…Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime.
…heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.
Infact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.
四、课堂练习
基础篇
A
Thursday,May1st
LilyandIareveryinterestedinsciencesowedecidedtovisittheScienceMuseumtoday.Itisnotfarourhomes.Itisabouttwokilometer,sowethoughtitwasbettertogotherebythebike.Ateightwesetoff.Itwasveryniceandsunny.Whenwearriveatthegate,thereweremanypeoplewaitingthere.Wemetsomeofmyclassmatesorteachers.Therewesawalotofabandoningequipment,whatcouldbetouched.Finalwewatchedalotofinterestingpicturesandlearnedalot.Athalfpasteleventheyhadtogobackhome.Whathappyweweretoday!
B
Mannersareimportanttohappyrelationsamongpeople.Noonelikedapersonwithbadmanners.Havinggoodmannersisseenbymanypeopleforasignofculturalunderstandingandgoodtaste.Politewordsareoneoftheexample.Whenmeetpeople,saying“Hello!
”or“Howareyou?
”andsoonmeansyouareverypolite,whichwillmakethateasyforyoutocommunicatewithothers.However,otherpeoplewillhategettingonwithyouandyourlifewillbecomedifficulty.Onlysayingpolitewordscanyougetonwellwithothers.
Allintheall,itispolitewordswhichwillmakeyourlifebecomeconvenient.
拓展篇
A
Whentalkedaboutmydream.Irecalledmychildhood,whichIstartedlearningtosing.Atthattimeitwasmyinterestledmetosing.HardalthoughIlearned,Iwashappythen.Andwithtimegoingon,Ihavegraduallyrealizedsingismywholelife.Ilikeitorenjoyit.IwanttostandonanevenbigstagetosingwherenotonlywillmydreambecometruebutalsoIcansendmybeautifulsongtoalltheaudience.Iwanttotransferhappyandencouragementtotheaudiencebysinging,lettinguscheerup.
五、课后练习
A
Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.
Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.
B
ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.Itissaidtohavestartedintheearly1800’s.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.Interesting,ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.
参考答案:
基础篇A
B
答案:
第二句:
liked→likes
第三句:
for→as
第四句:
exam
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