高考英语动名词用法详解21页.docx
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高考英语动名词用法详解21页.docx
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高考英语动名词用法详解21页
高考英语动名词用法详解
I.动名词
具有名词和动词的特征,可以带有自己的宾语和状语。
动名词可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
主动
被动
基本式
doing/notdoing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
1、作主语
表示比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,或表示说话者对所述动作有过经验或多次做过。
Swimming is my favorite sport.
Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessman.
Readingbooksmakesonewise.读书使人明智。
Listening,speaking,readingandwritingaretheimportantthingsyoumustdoinlearningaforeignlanguage.
注:
动名词做主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
这种用法以下句型中常用。
It’snouse/nogood/useless/notanyuse/notanygood+(sb’s)doing…
It’snousewatchingtoomuchTV.
It’snogoodtalkingtohim.
It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)
Itisawasteoftime+doing…
It'sawasteoftimetryingtotalktoherwhensheisinabadmood.
Itisfun+doing…
Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好
2、作表语
仅限于表示工作、任务等抽象名词表示主语的内涵。
Herjobisteaching.
WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.
Teachingislearning.教学相长。
3、作宾语
表示一般的、抽象的、经常性的行为。
Icouldn’triskmissingthattrain.
Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他们继续走,说个不停。
Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.
下列动词后接动名词作宾语
admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,ban,confess,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,ensure,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,forgive,giveup,imagine,involve,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,quit,recommend,report,resist,risk,suggest,tolerate,understand,can’thelp(禁不住),can’tresist(忍不住)
+doing
Iadmittedbreakingthewindow.
WeareconsideringmovingtoSeattle.
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow.
Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?
(1)以上黑体单词可用于“动词+宾语+doing”结构。
Ican’timagineJessicawearingthatdress.
(2)
allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend,encourage,
+doingsth.
+sb.todosth.
Wedon’tallowsmokingher.
Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.
Irecommendtakingaholiday.
Irecommendyoutotakingaholiday.
(3)
need,require,want(需要)
deserve(应得)
+doingsth.
+tobedone
Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning(tobecleaned).
Hedeservedhanging/tobehanged.
(4)在excuse,forgive,pardon后接动名词时,通常在动名词前加上形容词性物主代词,也可接宾格人称代词+for+v-ing.
Forgivemyopeningyourletterbymistake.
Forgivemeforopeningyourletterbymistake.
2.做介词宾语
(1)用在介词构成的动词短语后:
goondoing,giveupdoing,feellikedoing,thinkofdoing,insistondoing,sticktodoing等。
Ifyouinsistonleavingnow,pleasegoahead.
Ilookforwardtohearingfromyouinthenearfuture.
(2)用在“be+形容词+介词”的结构后
(3)begoodatdoing,befondofdoing,beafraidofdoing,beproudofdoing等。
Sheisgoodatdescribingthingsorexpressingideas.
IamveryproudofbeingavolunteerinAIDSpreventionprograms.
(4)用在“及物动词+宾语+介词”的结构后
prevent…fromdoing,keep…fromdoing,stop…(from)doing,protect…fromdoing.thank…fordoing
Mrs.Browndevotedherselftohelpinghomelesschildren.
Shewaspraisedofdoingherhomeworkwell.
(5)某些介词构成的短语后,接动名词作宾语。
Wereturnedtotheparkinthehopeoffindingherwallet.
(6)常接名词或动名词的带to的介词短语(这些短语中的to不是不定式符号)
beaccustomedto
bedevotedto献身于
befamiliarto
beopposedto反对
berelatedto与…有关
besubjectedto遭受到
becommittedto答应;有义务
beequalto能胜任
beopento愿意接受
bereducedto沦为,降为
besentencedto被判刑
beusedto
admitto承认
amountto等于
cometo谈到
devoteoneselfto献身于
getdownto着手做
giveone’smindto专心于
inadditionto除…外
lookupto尊敬
lookforwardto盼望
objectto反对
respondto作出反应
standupto勇敢面对
sayyes/noto同意/不同意
turnto求助于
addto增加
applyoneselfto致力于
confessto供认
findone’swayto设法达到
givewayto使…发生
keepto坚持
leadto
nextto几乎
payattentionto
stickto坚持
seeto注意处理;照料
trustto依靠
makeacontributionto对…作出贡献
动词-ing形式作介词宾语
beafraidof害怕
befondof喜欢
beinterestedin对……感兴趣
giveup放弃
be/getusedto习惯于
hearof听说
devote…to…把……奉献给
succeedin成功
lookforwardto盼望
prevent…from…阻止
spend…(in)花……做某事
betiredof厌烦
beengagedin从事于
begoodat擅长于
besentencedto被宣判
persistin坚持
dependon依靠
feellike想要
beproudof为……自豪
insiston坚持
setabout开始
stop…from…避免
thinkof想到
4、作定语
说明该名词的功用或与之有关的动作。
Thisisawashingmachine.
asmilingface笑脸aleadingfigure领导人物awritingdeskasmokingroom
awalkingstickafightingpost
5、动名词的惯用句型:
主语+havetrouble/difficulty/aproblem/astruggle/agoodtime/fun/headaches+(in)+动词-ing形式
ØDoyouhaveanydifficulty(in)understandingspokenEnglish?
主语+spendtime/money+(in)+动词-ing形式
haveahard/goodtime
主语+spendalotoftime(in)+doing
lostnotime(立即做)
Ispenttwohours(in)writingmycomposition.
Whenwearrivedwelostnotimeinfindingahotel.
主语+bebusy+(in)+动词-ing形式
Theyarebusy(in)preparingfortheexamination.
Thereisno/nopoint结构
Thereisno+doing根本不可能
Thereisnopoint/notmuchpoint+(in)doing“没有意义”
Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.
Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.
Thereisnopointarguingwiththem.
dosome/much/alotof/any+cooking,cleaning,reading,sewing,shopping,washing,sightseeing常接一些表示室内活动的词
goswimming/boating/shopping/climbing/dancing/jogging/sailing/skating/skiing/surfing常接一些表示运动或休闲的动名词
小试牛刀:
1.________(play)loudmusicinpublicisagainstthelawintheUK.
2._________(do)wellinaninterviewwillbeanimportantpartofgettingaplaceatuniversity.
3.____________(kick)awetfootballcanhurtyourfootifyouarenotcareful.
4.___________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.
5.Eugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse_________(argue)withhim.
6.Somethingassimpleas_________(drink)somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.
7.It’snouse___________(complain)withouttakingaction.
8.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto____________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.
9.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans______________(wait)foranotherhour.
10.Accustomedto________________(climb)thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.
11.Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering_____________(go)tothecitycentreforthefashionshow
12.Asanewdrive,Ihavetopractice____________(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.
13.Ireallyappreciate_______________(have)timetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland
14.Thepresident’s____________(attend)themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.
15.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______________(watch)TV.
16.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____________(lose)thegoodopportunity.
17.Billsuggested______________(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.
18.Ihadgreatdifficulty______________(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.
19.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention______havingbeenpromoted____(promote)whenwetalkedonthephone.
1.Playing,2.doing,3.kicking,4.beingexposed,5.arguing,6.drinking,7.complaining,
8Setting,9waiting,10climbing,11going,12parking,13having,14attending,15watching,16losing,17holding,18finding,19havingbeenpromoted.
4)动词-ing的复合结构
形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动词-ing形式,这种结构称为动词-ing形式的复合结构。
在这个结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句中常作主语或宾语。
Doyoumindmysmoking?
Yourgoingtherewillhelpalot.
IrememberWeiFang’sgoingthere.
如果不是在句子开头,这个结构常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格),这比用所有格更自然些。
Idon’tmindXiaoLi(him)going.
LaoLi’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.(LaoLi’sgoing作主语,因此不能用普通格来替代所有格)
Hesuggestedmestayingforlunch.
综合练习:
1.Itisnouse____menottoworry。
A)youtellB)yourtellingC)foryoutohavetoldD)havingtold
2.Iremember____tohelpusifweevergotintrouble。
A)onceofferingB)himonceofferingC)himtoofferD)toofferhim
3.Idon’tlike____atme。
A)themlaughingB)theirlaughC)themlaughD)themtohavelaughed
4.After_________(leave)hisgovernmentserviceasalawyer,hecreatedmanyfamouscompositions.
5.Livinginrooms_______(equip)withairconditioners,manypeopledon'tevenfeelthechangesintheseason.equipped
6.Therewereabout90talksgivenbyauthors,withanaudiencequestion-and-answerperiod______(follow)eachtalk.following
7.Withtheeyesofthesportnowfirmly_____(focus)onAsia,Icanseeseveraloftheworld'sTop10comingfromAsiaandseveralmoreglobaltournamentshostedthereby2020.focused
8.In2012Iwasfoundtohavedevelopedlungdisease.____(believe)mycareerwasover,Ifeltextremelylow.Believing
9.Walkingtowardsthefrontdoorwenoticedagentleman______(stand)atoneside.standing
10._________(go)alittleway,wesawbeforeus,atthedistanceofabouthalfamile,averylargestonebuilding,withahighwallroundit,neitherfieldnortreenear.Havinggone/Going
11.Forexample,plantsgrowinginareaswithlowrainfallorareas_______(expose)todrywindrequiremorewater.exposed
12.Theboymadenoresponse,______(sit)therewithhismouthhangingopen,wide-eyed.sitting
13.Australia,firstly_______(turn)intoacolonybyEnglishprisoners,wasunliketheUnitedStates,anditseconomicdevelopmentwasinwheatgrowingandsheepraising.turned
14.Youcanalwaysgetyourwritings____(check)byreviewersatDailyThemesbeforeyoushareitonotherchannels.checked
15.OnenightwhenIwalkedaloneonthebeach,Isawtheredorangelava(火山岩)_______(pour)outofKilaueaVolcanointhedistance.Itwastimetolivemyimagination!
pouring
16.评论家有关影响市政建设因素的评论对政府的最终决策有很大的影响。
(impact)
17.现在有越来越多的人认为过分的追求时尚其实是放弃了自己的选择的自由(argue)
18.商家制
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