大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析.docx
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大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析.docx
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大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析
2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)
答案解析
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitled“Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?
”Thestatementgivenbelowisforyourreference.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Manystudiesclaimthatcomputersdistractpeople,makethemlazythinkersandevenlowertheirworkefficiency.
【参考范文】
Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?
Noonecoulddenythefactthatwearelivinginanagewheretheadvancementsoftechnologyarecontinuingtoaccelerateandchangingeveryaspectofourlife.Atthesametime,therehasbeenwidespreadpublicdebateoverwhethertechnologycanmakepeoplelazy.
Ontheonehand,somepeopleholdtheviewthattechnologicaladvancementshavereallyofferedmoreconvenientandeffectivechoicesforustocommunicate,learnandwork.Forexample,learnersarefloodedwithlearningopportunitiesattheirfingertips.Butontheotherhand,thereisariskthattechnologycanmakepeoplelazy.Thisisduetothefactthatmodernpeoplenowadaysareheavilyreliantontechnologicalinventions.Forinstance,manyyoungpeoplealwaysindulgeinonlinesocialmediaplatformsorcomputergamesandthusarereluctanttodophysicalexerciseonaregularbasis.Besides,somestudentsdependonusingacalculatortoworkoutsimplemathproblems.
Inconclusion,technologicaladvancementscanbringusbothbenefitsandproblems.Inviewoftheriskmentionedabove,Ihighlysuggestthatweshouldavoidrelyingtoomuchontechnology.
【解析】
这篇作文需要就题目给出的问题Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?
发表自己的看法。
开头段引出相关的现象和问题。
主体段用正反论证的方式来回答题目的疑问,并重点围绕科技让人变懒的观点展开。
解释科技让人变懒的原因以及对应的表现。
结尾段重申立场并给出建议。
SectionA
PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)SeethePope.
2.D)Heendedupinthewrongplace.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.C)GlasgowhaspledgedtotaketheleadinreducingcarbonemissionsintheUK.
4.A)Glasgowneedstoinvestinnewtechnologiestoreachitsgoal.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.B)Itpermitsemployeestobringcatsintotheiroffices.
6.B)Rescuehomelesscats.
7.C)Ithasletsomeothercompaniestofollowsuit.
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)FindoutwhereJimmyis.
9.B)HewasworkingonaprojectwithJimmy.
10.C)Hewasinvolvedatrafficaccident.
11.D)Hewantedtoconcealsomethingfromhisparents.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.B)Shoppingonline.
13.D)Gettingone’scarparked.
14.C)Thequalityoffoodproducts.
15.A)Itsavesmoney.
SectionC
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.D)Theyhavestrongnegativeemotionstowardsmath.
17.B)Itaffectslowperformingchildrenonly.
18.A)Mostofthemhaveaveragetostrongmathability.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.C)Addictiontocomputergamesisadisease.
20.A)Theyprioritizetheirfavoredactivityoverwhattheyshoulddo.
21.D)Thereisnotenoughevidencetoclassifyitasadisease.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.C)Theyareashadeofredborderingonbrown.
23.D)Theymustfollowsomecommonstandards.
24.B)Theylookmoreofficial.
25.D)Forsecurity.
SectionA
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
暂时未找到题源
A)
E)
I)implication
M)
B)appointments
F)friendly
J)pushing
N)survey
C)consequences
G)
K)severely
O)touches
D)debating
H)
L)sparked
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Scienceofsetbacks:
Howfailurecanimprovecareerprospects
Howdoearlycareersetbacksaffectourlong-termsuccess?
Failurescanhelpuslearnandovercomeourfears.Butdisasterscanstillwoundus,screwusupandsetusback.Wouldn'titbeniceiftherewasgenuine,scientificallydocumentedtruthtotheexpression,"whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger"?
Onewaysocialscientistshaveprobedtheeffectsofcareersetbacksistolookatscientistsofverysimilarqualificationswho,forreasonsthataremostlyarbitrary,eitherjustmissedgettingaresearchgrantorwhojustbarelymadeit.Inthesocialsciences,thisisknownasexamining"nearmisses"and"narrowwins"inareaswheremeritissubjective.Thatallowsresearcherstomeasureonlytheeffectsofbeingchosenornot.
Studiesinthisareahavefoundconflictingresults.Inthecompetitivegameofbiomedicalscience,researchonscientistswhonarrowlylostorwongrantmoneysuggeststhatnarrowwinnersbecomeevenbiggerwinnersdowntheline.Inotherwords,therichgetricher.
A2018studypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,forexample,followedresearchersintheNetherlandsandconcludedthatthosewhojustbarelyqualifiedforagrantwereabletogettwiceasmuchmoneywithinthenexteightyearsasthosewhojustmissedout.Andthenarrowwinnerswere50percentmorelikelytobegivenaprofessorship.
OthersintheUShavefoundsimilareffectswithNationalInstitutesofHealthearly-careerfellowshipscatapultingnarrowwinnersfaraheadofcloselosers.
ThephenomenonisoftenreferredtoastheMattheweffect,inspiredbytheNewTestament'swisdomthattothosewhohave,morewillbegiven.
There'sagoodexplanationforthephenomenoninthebookTheFormula:
TheUniversalLawsofSuccessbyAlbertLaszloBarabasi:
it'seasierandlessriskyforthoseinpositionsofpowertochoosetobestowawardsandfundingonthosewho'vealreadybeensorecognised.Thisisbadnewsforthelosers:
smallearlycareersetbacksseemtohaveadisproportionateeffectdowntheline.Whatdidn'tkillthemmadethemweaker.
Butotherstudiesusingthesametechniquehaveshownthere'ssometimesnopenaltytoanearmiss:
studentswhojustmissgettingintotophighschoolsoruniversitiesdojustaswelllaterinlifeasthosewhosqueakin.Inthiscase,whatdidn'tkillthemsimplydidn'tmatter.
Soisthereanyevidencethatsetbacksmightactuallyimproveourcareerprospects?
Thereis
now.
InastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,NorthwesternUniversitysociologistDashun
Wangtrackedmorethan1100scientistswhowereontheborderbetweengettingagrantandmissingoutbetween1990and2005.Hefollowedvariousmeasuresofperformanceoverthenextdecade,includinghowmanypaperstheyauthoredandhowinfluentialthosepaperswere,asmeasuredbythenumberofsubsequentcitations.
Asexpected,therewasamuchhigherrateofattritionamongscientistswhodidn'tgetgrants.Butamongthosewhostayedon,thecloselosersperformedevenbetterthanthenarrowwinners.Tomakesurethiswasn'tafluke,Wangsaidheconductedadditionaltestsusingdifferentperformancemeasures,suchashowmanytimespeoplewerefirstauthorsoninfluentialstudies,andthelike.
Onestraightforwardreasoncloselosersmightoutperformnarrowwinnersisthatthetwogroupshavecomparableability,buttheloserswereculledsothatonlythemostdetermined,passionatescientistsremained.Wangsaidhetriedtocorrectforthisbycullingwhathedeemedtheweakestmembersofthewinnergroup-buttheperseveringlosersstillcameoutontop.Hethinksthatbeingacloselosermightgivepeopleapsychologicalboost,ortheproverbialkickinthepants.UtrechtUniversitysociologistArnoutvandeRijt,whowasleadauthoronthe2018papershowingtherichgetricher,saidthenewfindingisplausibleandworthsomeattention.Hisownworkshowedthatalthoughthenarrowwinnersdidgetmuchmoremoneyinthenearfuture,the
actualperformance
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