Exercise3AmericanRealism修改版.docx
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Exercise3AmericanRealism修改版.docx
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Exercise3AmericanRealism修改版
第一篇:
Exercise3AmericanRealism
Exercise3AmericanRealism
I.Multiplechoice:
1.TheAgeofRealismintheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStatesreferstotheperiodfrom________to_________.
A.1861….1914B.1763….1918C.1865….1914D.1865….1918
2.Stylistically,HenryJames’fictionischaracterizedby_______________.
A.highlyrefinedlanguageB.ordinaryAmericanspeech
C.short,clearsentencesD.abundanceoflocalimages
3.________isdescribedbyMarkTwainasaboywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience.
A.TomSawyerB.HuckleberryFinnC.JimD.Tony
4.Thesettingof__________isAmerica,wheresomeEuropeans,whoareactuallyexpatriatedAmericans,learnswithdifficulttoadaptthemselvestotheAmericanlife.
A.MiddlemarchB.TheEuropeansC.DaisyMillerD.ThePortraitofaLady
5.MarkTwainwrotemostofhisliteraryworkswitha_____________language.
A.grandB.pompousC.simpleD.vernacular
6.HenryJamesexperimentedwithmanydifferentthemesinhisliterarycareer,themostinfluentialonebeing_______________.
A.nothingnessB.disillusionment
C.internationalthemeD.relationshipbetweenmenandwomen
7.Thebookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes”refersto_________________.
A.theGreatGatsbyB.thesunAlsorises
C.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnD.Moby-Dick
8.MarkTwainstoodonthesideofChinainitsstruggleagainstforeigninvasions.His___________and__________aretwonotableexamplesofhisvigorousattacksontheimperialistbehaviouroftheUnitedStatesandotherforeigncountriesinChina.
A.theTreatywithChinaB.TothePersonSittinginDarkness
C.DisgracefulPersecutionofaBoyD.Goldsmith’sFriendAbroadAgain
II.Identificationoffragment:
“Wedasn’tstopagainatanytown,fordaysanddays;keptrightalongdowntheriver.Wewasdownsouthinthewarmweather,now,andamightylongwaysfromhome.WebegantocometotreeswithSpanishmossonthem,hangingdownfromthelimbslikelonggraybeards.ItwasthefirstIeverseeitgrowing,anditmadethewoodslooksolemnanddismal.”
Questions:
A.Identifytheauthorandthework.
B.Whomdoestheword“we”referto?
C.Whatisthenameoftherivermentionedinthepassage?
III.Givebriefanswers:
1.WhoarethethreedominantfiguresoftheAmericanRealisticPeriodandwhataretheir
literarydifferences?
2.InAmericanliteraturewhatisthesignificanceof“AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn”byMark
Twain?
Suggestedanswers:
I.1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.C7.C8.A.B
II.A.MarkTwain’sTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
B.Theword“we”referstoHuckandJim.
C.theMississippiriver
III.
1.ThethreedominantfiguresoftheperiodwereWilliamDeanHowells,MarkTwain,andHenryJames.Thoughthethreeprominentwritersallworkedforrealism,theyhaddifferentunderstandingofthe“truth”.WhileMarkTwainandHowellsseemtohavepaidmoreattentiontothe“life”oftheAmericans,HenryJameshasapparentlylaidagreateremphasisonthe“innerworld”ofman.Heisarealistoftheinnerlife.ThoughTwainandHowellsbothsharethesameconcerninpresentingthetruthoftheAmericansociety,theyhaveeachofthemdifferentemphasis.Howellsfocuseshisdiscussionontherisingmiddleclassandthewaytheylive,whileTwaindealswithhisownregionandpeopleofthelowerclassofsocietyattheforefrontofhisstories.JameswritesmostlyoftheupperreachesofAmericansociety.
2.Firstofall,thenoveliswritteninalanguagethatissimple,directandlucidandfaithfultothecolloquialspeech.Thisunpretentiousstyleofcolloquialismisbestdescribedas“vernacular”.Speakinginvernacular,wildanduneducatedHuck,runningawayfromcivilizationforhisfreedom,isvividlybroughttolife.
Thebookisalsosignificantfortheshapegiventoitbythecourseoftheraft’sjourneydowntheMississippiasHuckandJimseektheirdifferentkindsoffreedom.Twain,whoknewtheriverintimately,usesitherbothrealisticallyandsymbolically.
AnothergreatcontributionofthebookistheprofoundportraitofHuckleberryFinn.ThenovelbeginswithadescriptionofhowWidowDouglasattemptstocivilizeHuckandendswithhimdecidingnottoletithappenagainatthehandsofAuntSally.TheclimaxariseswithHuck’sinnerstruggleontheMississippi,whenHuckispolarizedbytwoopposingforcesbetweenhisheartandhishead,betweenhisaffectionforJimandthelawsofthesocietyagainstthosewhohelpslavesescape.Huck’sfinaldecision–tofollowhisowngood-heartedmoralimpulseratherthanconventionalvillagemorality–amountstoavindicationofwhatTwaincalled“thedamnedhumanrace,”damnedforitscomfortablehypocrisies,itsthoroughgoingdishonesties,anditspervasivecrulties.Withtheeventualvictoryofhismoralconscienceoverhissocialawareness,Huckgrows.
HuckleberryFinnmarkstheclimaxofTwain’sliterarycreativity.ItiswhatHemingwayoncedescribesastheonebookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”
第二篇:
AmericanRealism总结
AmericanRealism
Americanrealismwasanearly20thcenturyideainart,musicandliteraturethatshowedthroughthesedifferenttypesofwork,reflectionsofthetimeperiod.Also,AmericanRealismageistheGildedAge,anageofexcessandextremes,ofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyanddazzlingwealth,ofgloomandbuoyanthope.AlthoughAmericanscontinuedtoreadtheworksofIrving,Cooper,Hawthorne,andPoe,thegreatageofAmericanromanticismhadended.Bythe1870stheNewEnglandRenaissancehadwaned.RealismappearedintheUnitedStatesintheliteratureoflocalcolor,anamalgamofromanticplotsandrealisticdescriptionsofthingswasimmediatelyobservable.Naturalismisanewandharsherrealism,appearingattheendofthe19century.Becauseofperceptionofsociety’sdisorders,writerstrytopresentcharactersoflowsocialandeconomicclasseswhoweredominatedbytheirenvironmentandheredity.Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironment;thereligious“truths”wereillusory,thatthedestinyofhumanitywasmiseryinlifeandoblivionindeath.
WilliamDeanHowells,thearbiterof19thcenturyliteraryrealisminAmerica,definesrealism:
nothingmoreandnothinglessthanthetruthfultreatmentofmaterialwithanobjectivepointofview.Howells`emphasishasalwaysbeenonethics.Hestressestheneedforsympathyandmoralintegrity,andtheneedfordifferentsocialclassestoharmoniouslyadapttotheirenvironmentandtoanother.
HenryJamesisthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.Theliterarycareerofhimisgenerallydividedintothreeperiods,inthefirstperiods,Jamestookgreatinterestininternationaltheme;exemplifythematureandformidablestyleofathirdliteraryperiod,whichcriticshavecometopraiseas“TheMajorPhase”.Inhiscriticalcommentaries,hemademajorcontributionstotheartoffictionitself,helpingtotransformthenovelfromitsalliancewithjournalismandromanticstory-tellingintoanartfromofpenetratinganalysisofindividualsconfrontingsociety,chroniclesofthepsychologicalperceptionsthatJameshimselfdefinedasthehighestfromofexperience.
MarkTwainisessentiallyanaffirmativewriterthoughhisfirstnovel,TheGildedAge,isconsideredasafailure,buthismasterworkAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnturnsouttobeahugesuccess.Hisworksarecharacterizedbythelocalcolorist——thedetailedpresentationinprosefictionofthesetting,dialect,customs,dressandwaysofthinkingandfeelingwhicharedistinctiveofaparticularregion.WithoutMarkTwain,Americanliteraturewouldbelessdelightful.Afterhim,theAmericanliteratureisnolongerasthesamebefore.
TheodoreDreiser,hisfirstnovel“SisterCarrie”,whichtracesthematerialriseofCarrieMeeberandthetragicdeclineofG.W.Hurstwoodissuccessfulwork.Andhis“AnAmericanTragedy”,theidentificationofpotencywithmoneyisattheheartofDreiser’sgreatestandmostsuccessfulnovel.
第三篇:
Unit6AmericanRealism
Unit6AmericanRealism:
WilliamDeanHowells,HenryJamesandMarkTwain
AmericanRealism:
1865-1914
uHistoricalBackground
Twophases:
thephaseofanexpandingcontinentalnationfrom1865till1890s;andtheso-called“progressiveperiod”from1890still1914.
uTheCivilWar:
destroyedtheinnocenceprevalentearlierinthe19thcentury;
(Chang,158:
ledmanytoquestiontheassumptionssharedbytheTranscendentalists---naturalgoodness,theoptimisticviewofnatureandman,benevolentGod.)
uTheUSchangedfromanationofdistinctregionsintoanationdominatedby
Northernindustrialization,businessandfinance.
uIndustrialism,mechanization,movementawayfromfarm,metropolitan,lustfor
wealthandpower
u“TheGildedAge”theageofwealthandpoverty,ofprogressanddecline,andthe
ageofgaudyexcesses.
Theclosingfrontier
uTheclosingfrontier:
thedevelopmentofrailroads:
mobile,Westernsettlement,
settlementintheGreatPlainsandmountainousregions,awarenessofregionalcharacteristics;disillusionmentandfrustration,sufferingandunhappiness
TheProgressiveEra
uFromthe1890son,therewasagreatdealofenthusiasmforvarioussocialand
economicreforms,hencetheterm“theprogressiveera.”Mostofthewriterswhowrotewithseriousnessandconvictionweresocialcritics.
uBythe1870sNewEnglandRenaissancehadwaned.(HawthorneandThoreaudead;
Emerson,LongfellowandotherNewEnglandcelebritiesoldandfeeble;Melvilleceasedtopublish.Dickinsonnotbroughttolightyet.OnlyWhitmanremainedactive.)
uTheAgeofRomanticismandTranscendentalismw
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