社会工作复习整理笔记.docx
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社会工作复习整理笔记.docx
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社会工作复习整理笔记
Lecture1WhatisSocialWork
IDefinitionofSocialWork
Socialworkistheprofessionalactivityofhelpingindividuals,groups,orcommunitiesenhanceorrestoretheircapacityforsocialfunctioningandcreatingconditionsfavorabletothisgoal.
ACurrentDefinition:
Socialworkisaprofession,ascience,andanartthathelpspeopletosolvepersonal,group(especiallyfamily),andcommunityproblemsandtoattainsatisfyingpersonal,group,andcommunityrelationshipsthroughsocialworkpractice.
•Aprofession:
professionalassociation,cognitivebase,institutionalizedtraining,licensing,workautonomy,colleaguecontrol,codeofethics(Larson,1978)
•Ascience:
scientificmethods,baseoffacts,developmentofoperationalconcepts
•Anart:
diversifiedpictures,personalizedintervention,requirementofgreatskills
IIFunctionsofSocialwork
1,Restoration
Curative---eliminatebadfactors
Rehabilitative---recognizeandrebuild
2,Provisionofresources
Developmental---furthereffectiveness
Educational---promoteresources
3,Prevention
Individualandgroup
Social
IIIPremisesofSocialWork
1,Thepersonisimportant
2,Heorshehaspersonal,family,andcommunityproblemsresultingfrominteractionwithothers
3,Somethingcanbedonetoalleviatetheseproblemsandenrichtheindividual’slife.
IVSocialWorkandRelatedDisciplines
Fieldsofsocialwork:
SocialWorkersinAdministration,PolicyandResearch
Child,Family,andSchoolSocialWorkers
CommunitySocialWorkers
GerontologicalSocialWorkers
MedicalandHealthSocialWorkers
MentalHealthandSubstanceAbuseSocialWorkers
MilitaryandVeteransSocialWork
PalliativeandHospiceSocialWork
PsychiatricSocialWorkers
Lecture2WhatIsSocialWelfare
IDefinitionofSocialWelfare
Programsystem:
anationssystemofprograms,benefits,andservicesthathelppeoplemeetthosesocial,economic,educational,andhealthneedsthatarefundamentaltothemaintenanceofsociety.
People’swell-being:
thegeneralwell-beingofallpeopleinasociety.Inherentinthedefinitionaretwobasicdimensions:
(1)whatpeoplegetfromsociety(intermsofprograms,benefits,andservices),
(2)howwelltheirneeds(includingsocial,economic,educational,andhealth)arebeingmet
IIRelevantConceptsofSocialWelfare
IIISocialWelfarePolicyDevelopment
Recognitionofsociety’svalues---Identificationofproblemsandneeds---Identificationofpublicopinion---Formulationofsocialwelfarepolicy---Implementationthroughasocialwelfareprogram---Agencyservicesdelivery
IVPerspectivesonSocialWelfare
Conservatism:
Individualsareresponsibleforthemselves,governmentshouldprovideminimalinterferenceinpeople’slives,andchangeisgenerallyunnecessary.
Liberalism:
Governmentshouldbeinvolvedinthesocial,political,andeconomicstructuresothatallpeople’srightsandprivilegesareprotectedinthenameofsocialjustice.
Radicalism:
Thesocialandpoliticalsystemasitstandsisnotstructurallycapableoftrulyprovidingsocialjustice.Drastic,fundamentalchangesarenecessaryinthebasicsocialandpoliticalstructuretoachievetrulyfairandequaltreatment.
VPerspectivesonSocialWelfare
Universaleligibility:
Socialwelfarebenefitsshouldbeequallyavailabletoallmembersofsociety,regardlessoftheirincomeormeans.
Selectiveeligibility:
Socialwelfarebenefitsshouldberestrictedtothosewhocandemonstrateneedthroughestablishedeligibilitycriteria.
Lecture3GeneralistPracticeofSocialWork
PARTIDefinitionofGeneralistPractice
IThreedimensionofgeneralistpractice
1,Multiple-levelinterventionsareprovided
Micro-:
individuals
Mezzo-:
smallgroups
Macro-:
organizations,andcommunities
2,Aknowledgebasefromarangeoftheoriesisneeded
3,Bothprivateissuesandsocialjusticeconcernsareaddressed
Intervention:
theuseof“thoughtfulandplannedeffortstobringaboutaspecificchange”.(Sheafor&Horejsi,2003)
IIEmpowermentandStrength-basedPerspective
1,Empowerment:
the“processofincreasingpersonal,interpersonal,orpoliticalpowersothatindividualscantakeactiontoimprovetheirlifesituations”(Gutierrez,1990).
2,Empowermentemphasizesthedevelopmentandnourishingofstrengthsandpositiveattributes
3,Empowermentencompasses(includes):
Astateofmind,asinfeelingempowered;
Acapabilitytoexertcontrolovertime.
IIIProfessionalRolesofSocialWorker
CounselorEducator
BrokerCasemanager
MobilizerMediator
FacilitatorAdvocate
IVCriticalThinking
Criticalthinkingis:
1,thecarefulscrutinyofwhatisstatedastrueorwhatappearstobetrueandtheresultingexpressionofanopinionorconclusionbasedonthatscrutiny
2,thecreativeformulationofanopinionorconclusionwhenpresentedwithaquestion,problem,orissue.
Theprocessofcriticalthinkinginvolves
askingquestions
assessingfacts
assertingaconclusion
PARTIITheProcessofGeneralistPractice
IThePlanned-changeProcess(insequence)
1engagement
theinitialperiodwhenpractitionersorientthemselvestotheproblemathandandbegintoestablishcommunication(verbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication)andarelationshipwithothersalsoaddressingtheproblem.
Empathy(共同的感情)VSSympathy(同情怜悯)
thedifferenceofdevotiontotheproblemsorcasesathand
2Assessment
3Planning
4Implementation
5Evaluation
theinvestigationanddeterminationofvariablesaffectinganidentifiedproblemorissueasviewedfrommicro,mezzo,ormacroperspectives.
Categories:
Strength-orientedassessment(AcaseofSara)
Holisticassessment
Humandiversityandassessment(age,class,color,culture,disability,ethnicity,familystructure,gender,maritalstatus,nationalorigin,race,religion,sex,andsexualorientation)
6Termination
Lecture4TheoreticalFrameworksofSocialWork
PartIDefinitionsofGeneralistPractice
IWhatistheory?
1,Definition
Awayofclearlyandlogicallyorganizingasetoffactsorideas
2,Whatcantheorydo?
Todescribesomething;
Tounderstandorexplainsomething;
Topredictsomething;
Tochangesomething
3,Whatisgoodtheory?
Inclusive:
explainconsistentlythesameeventinthesameway;
Generalizable:
explainvalidlysimilareventsindifferentsituations;
Testable:
explaineffectivelyeventsthatcanbemeasured.
因果关系与相互关联
4,TheEcologicalsystemframework
5,ConceptsofSystemsTheory
System
Awholecomposedofasetofseparatebutinteractingandinterdependentparts.
Synergy(协同作用)
Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts
Boundaries
Aconceptual(概念上的)linethatdifferentiatesthesystemfromitsenvironment
Openandclosedsystems
Opensystemshaveflexibleboundariesthatallowpermeation(渗透作用)betweenunitsinthesystemandthoseoutside.
Closedsystemshaverigidboundariesandtightorganizationwithinthatallowlittlepermeation.
Interactionsandinterrelations(相互关系)
Achangeinonepartofthesystem,oroneofthesystemswillhaveanimpactonthewholesystem,orothersystems
Steadystate
Thesystemisadjustingconstantlyandmovingaheadwhilemaintainingacertainextentoforderandstability.
Equifinality(同等作用)
Thefinalstateofasystemcanbeachievedinmanydifferentways.
6,Ecologialperspective
(分别为:
微观、中层、外观、宏观、长期系统)
7,FactorsShapingIndividualFunctioningAndRelationshipwithEnvironment
8,Utility(效用,功用)ofothertheories
①Psycho-socialframeworks(社会心理模式)
Psychoanalytic(精神分析理论)theory
Childrenarebornwithbiologicallyrootedfunctions,“drives”,thatindicateindividualfunctions”.
Egopsychologyframework(自我心理框架)
Theegoofapersondevelopsstagebystageinone’slifespanandisaffectedbytheenvironment.
Life-spandevelopmentframework
Individualsinteractwiththeirenvironmentsindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneedsatdifferentpointsinthelifecycle.
②Cognitivebehavioralframeworks(认知行为框架)
Theenvironment,asopposedtoheredity(遗传性),largelydeterminespeople’sbehaviors
③Politicalandideologicalframeworks(政治与理想框架)
Lecture5ValuesandEthicsofSocialWork
PartIvalues
I,valuesandethics
bededucedfrom---从什么中推理出来
IINASWCodeofEthics(USA)
①Service
Tobelievethatpeoplehavetherighttoresources.
Torespectandfollowtheclients’ownself-interest.
Tohelpsecurethoseresourcesanddeveloppoliciesforclients
②socialjustice
Topromotesensitivityandknowledgeaboutjusticeanddiversity.
Toprovideservicesthatensureequalaccessandmeaningfulparticipationofallpeople.
③dignityandtheworthoftheperson;④importanceofhumanrelationship
Allpeoplehaveintrinsic(固有的)importance,whatevertheirpastorpresentbehaviors,beliefs,wayoflife,orsocialstatus.
Torespectandunderstandpeoplewithalltheirdifficultiesandassets.
Toacceptandnon-judgethepeopletheyserve.
Toappreciatetheclients’perspectivesonlife
⑤integrity(诚实)
Socialworkersshouldacthonestlyandtrust-worthilyandencourageethicalpracticesintheiragencies.
Topresentthemselvesandtheircredentials(certification)accurately.
Toavoidotherformsofmisrepresentation(twists).
Toavoidinvolvingclientsinprofessionaldisputes.
⑥competence.
Socialworkerspracticeonlywithintheirscopeofknowledgeandability,andthattheyenhanceanddeveloptheirprofessionalexpertise.
Toknowtheirownlimitsinprofessionalcapacity.
Toseekouttheknowledgeandexperienceneededtodevelopfurtherexpertise.
Tobealerttoeventsorproblemsthataffecthisorherprofessionalcompetence.
Toseekeffectiveguidanceandsupervision
PartIIEthics
①Self-determination
thepracticalrecognitionoftherightandneed,aswellasthecapacityofclientstofreedominmakingtheirowncho
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