英语英语阅读理解教育文化易错剖析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解教育文化易错剖析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解教育文化易错剖析
【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)易错剖析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1.阅读理解
DearMom,
Thebigquestionwhichshockedparentsoftenasktheirchildafteraconfrontational(冲突)momentis,"Wheredidyougetthisattitudefrom?
"Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.
Mom,Iknowit'sharddealingwiththeteenageanxietyandtheever-changingmoodsthatcomewithraisingachild.ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.
WhenIwassmall,Iwouldattendbarbecuesandfamilyeventsandwanderawayfrommyparents.Itwouldn'tbelongbeforesomeonewouldstopmetoaskwhetherIwasmymother'sdaughter.
"YourmomisMelissa,"they'dsay,awarmsmileontheirfaces."IsthatTight?
"Iwouldnod.Ithinkparentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackordefiesthem,Iwasshockedatthisstatement.Tome,Iactednothinglikeyou,Mom.
Noonesays,"Iknowyou'reMelissa'sdaughterbecauseofyoureyesandnose".It'sthecharactertraits(特点)thatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.
Likeformostblackindividuals,attitudeiswhatdefinesyouandme,andit'swhatkeepsusfrombeingmentallyoppressedanddefeated.Attitudeisanon-violentformofprotectionandconfrontation-wherewouldwebeintheworldwithoutthistool?
Surelynotwhereweare.
Mom,whenpeopleaskmewhereIgetmyattitudefrom,Itellthem:
you.AndwhentheyaskmewhereIgotmydrive,myworkethic,mygoodhair,andmysenseofhumor,Isayyouaswell.Iwillalwayssaythis.
WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.
I'llcomplaintoyouabouttheargumentsbetweenusthatleavemewonderingabouthowGodmadeussomuchalikethatwehardlyevennoticed.ButI'lltellthemaboutyou.
Love,
Malahni
(1)Inthisletter,Malahnimainlyexpressedher tohermother.
A.complaint
B.love
C.argument
D.anxiety
(2)PeoplerecognizedMalahniasMelissa'sdaughtermainlybecauseofher .
A.appearance
B.behavior
C.charactertraits
D.race
(3)Theunderlinedword"defies"inthe4thparagraphmostprobablymeans .
A.refusestoobey
B.agreeswith
C.takespridein
D.triestounderstand
(4)Malahnicanbeawoman .
A.easytobeoppressedanddefeated
B.hardtogetalongwith
C.withapositiveattitudetowardslife
D.withviolentconfrontation
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了作者母亲对于作者的人生态度的影响。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.”我知道你不愿意承认这一点,但我从你身上学到了很多我的坚强意志;以及倒数第二段中的“WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.”当我被问及为什么我是现在的我,为什么我拒绝让别人用他们的言语或行动伤害我,为什么我公开地、毫无畏惧地思考和谈论事情。
我会告诉他们是因为你。
可推知在这封信中,Malahni主要表达了她对母亲的爱。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“It'sthecharactertraitsthatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.”是性格特征让他们达成了共识。
机智、智慧,是的,也许还有一点态度——这些是我从你那里得到的东西,我很感激。
态度并没有错。
可知人们认出Malahni是Melissa的女儿主要是因为她的性格特点。
故选C。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“parentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackor”可知父母在他们的孩子顶嘴或反抗他们时感到很受伤,故划线单词意思为“反抗;拒绝服从”故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.”但你也应该惊讶于我已经走了这么远,我很健康,很快乐。
以及下文Malahni说明自己如何用自己的态度来使自己免于精神上的压迫和失败,可推知Malahni是一个对生活有积极态度的女人。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:
"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing(伤自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧嚣)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:
wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.
Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?
Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":
they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.
InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位数)theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:
Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?
Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.
Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:
anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.
Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.
(1)Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat .
A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter
B.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged
C.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot
D.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically
(2)Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents
A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammar
B.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfields
C.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimits
D.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement
(3)Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat .
A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothers
B.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailure
C.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefails
D.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial
(4)Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecial
B.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecial
C.SpecialorNot?
TeachKidsToFigureItOut
D.TellTheTruth:
KidsOverestimatetheirTalents
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,是特殊或者不是?
我们要教会孩子理解它。
作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。
想要变得特别,我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar(喧嚣)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住:
现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有没有天赋,其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":
they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担,即他们不擅长自己所做的,并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。
由此可推断,得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较,也需要一个人将我们做的不好的,以及做错了什么如实相告。
由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实,也需要别人对我们诚实。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthat
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