全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.
TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?
Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?
Ofcourse!
Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?
Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?
Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?
Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.
Why?
Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.
Thereisanother12:
peoplebecameimmenselyinventivenhintingtargets.Haveyou13thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstilearriveontime?
Tailwinds?
Ofcoursenot!
Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourlightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.
The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremutidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.
Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria18criticalfactorssuchastime,money.qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter20theobjective.
1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover
2.[A]Emphasize[B]Identify[C]Assess[D]Explain
3.[A]nearly[B]curio[C]eagerly[D]quickly
4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall
5.[A]threatened[B]ignored[C]mocked[D]blamed
6.[A]punctuality[B]hospitality[C]competition[D]innovation
7.[A]Yes[B]So[C]Besides[D]Slit
8.[A]hired[B]trained[C]rewarded[D]grouped
9.[A]only[B]rather[C]once[D]also
10.[A]comfort[B]revenue[C]efficiency[D]security
11.[A]fried[B]quiet[C]cautious[D]diligent
12.[A]purpose[B]problem[C]prejudice[D]policy
13.[A]report[B]revealed[C]admitted[D]noticed
14.[A]break[B]trip[C]departure[D]transfer
15.[A]moral[B]background[C]style[D]form
16.[A]interpret[B]criticize[C]sacrifice[D]tolerate
17.[A]task[B]secret[C]product[D]cast
18.[A]leadingto[B]callingfor[C]relatingto[D]accountingfor
19.[A]specify[B]predict[C]restore[D]create
20.[A]modify[B]review[C]present[D]achieve
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)
Text1
"Deskilling"issomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafutureinwhichalotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe"coreskills"withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline.
Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedtodomassivereskilling programratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomy,though,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.
Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5UnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.
Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden:
Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabinstaff,ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashortretrainingprogramthat reskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff.TheeffortwasacollectiveoneandinvolvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.
21.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicforumsuggests_________.
A.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills
B.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment
C.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities
D.acontroversyaboutthe"coreskills"
22.AT&Tiscitedtoshow_________.
A.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprograms
B.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards
C.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport
D.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy
23.EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada
A.havedrivenuplabourcosts
B.haveprovedtobeinconsistent
C.havemetwithfierceopposition
D.haveappearedtobeinsufficient
24.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas
A.acallforpolicyadjustment.
B.achangeinhiringpractices.
C.alackofmedicalworkers
D.asignofeconomicrecovery.
25.ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto_
A.Greatjobvacanciesfortheunemployed.
B.Preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs.
C.Retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices
D.financetheirstaff′scollegeeducation
Text2
Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10bliniby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillbedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:
Brexit.
BrexitissenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downformalmostthe-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktosufficient,theargumentgoes,wouldbotsthefarmingindustry.politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation'shealth.Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?
AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry'stotallandareadisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.
Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreselfsufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactory-styleproduction.
Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:
mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsoncommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandveg—whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallhenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes—wewouldachieveonlya30percent
boostincropproduction.
Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.
26.SomepeoplearguethatfoodselfsufficiencyintheUKwould
[A]behinderedbyitspopulationgrowth
[B]contributetothenationswell-being
[C]becomeapriorityofthegovernment
[D]postachallengetoitsfarmingindustry
27.ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowedthatintheUK
[A]farmlandhasbeeninefficient
[B]factorystyleproductionneedsreforming
[C]mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction
[D]morecornfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming
28.Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto_—
[A]itsfarmingtechnology
[B]itsdietarytradition
[C]itsnaturalconditions
[D]itscommercialinterests
29.ItcanbelearedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople__
[A]relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce
[B]enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumption
[C]areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintake
[D]aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains
30.Theauthor'sattitudetofoodself-efficiencyintheUKis____
[A]defensive
[B]doubtfu1
[C]toleran
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