高考英语阅读理解大题培优 易错 难题附答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解大题培优 易错 难题附答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解大题培优易错难题附答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ChinaandIndiaareleadersinimprovingglobal(全球的)treecover,anewstudybasedonNASAresearchshowed.
Theytooka31.8%parttogetherofthetotalglobalnewleafareabetween2000and2017.Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.ThestudyintheNatureSustainabilityjournalshowsthatmorethan5.5millionsquarekilometersofgreenleafareawasaddedglobally.Since2000,therehasbeenafive-percentincreaseinglobalgreencover,itsaid.
"ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,"ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.LargeplantationactivitiestoprotectforestsinChinacontributednearly42%tothecountry'sgreencover,andagricultureaddedanother32%.InIndia,82%oftheincreaseinleafareawasbecauseofagriculture.
"ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,"ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory."Thatisasurprisingfinding,consideringthelanddegradation(退化)incountrieswithlargepopulations."
BostonUniversity'sresearchteamfirstdetectedanincreaseinglobalgreencoverinthe1990sbutwereunsureaboutwhatcontributedtotheincrease.Finally,withthehelpofNASA'sTerraandAquasatellitesresearch,theymanagedtofindouttheincreaseinleafcoverfromdifferentareasandplaces.
(1)Whichcountryincreasedthelargestpartofthenewleafarea?
A. India
B. China
C. Canada
D. Russia
(2)ForwhatpurposedidtheauthormentiontheAmazonrainforest?
A. Toshowhowgreattheachievementwas.
B. Toshowtheimportanceofrainforest.
C. Toexplainwhatdifficultieswehavenow.
D. Toexplainthereasonforincreasingforests.
(3)Accordingtoparagraphfour,thefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.
A. ChinaandIndiahavelargepopulationsandlanddegradationproblem
B. about9%oftheplanet'sgreeningisinChinaandIndia
C. ChinaandIndiaareleadingintheglobalgreencoverincrease
D. theleafcoverareainChinaandIndiaisstilllimitedifviewedglobally
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项新研究显示,中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。
同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一,但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。
考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化,这是一个令人惊讶的发现。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.”中国扮演了主要的角色,增加了25%,印度增加了6.8%,加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。
可知中国新增的森林面积最大。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的"‘ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,’ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明,植物和树木的叶子面积增加了,相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积,"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。
可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林,以表明这一成就是多么伟大。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的"‘ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,’ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:
"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一,但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。
"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.
(1)Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?
A.Rich.
B.Rare.
C.Limited.
D.Difficult.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?
A.Causes.
B.Demands.
C.Strengthens.
D.Shows.
(3)Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?
A.Activebacteria.
B.Humanactivities.
C.Theoverusesofsoil.
D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.
B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.
C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.
D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。
他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知,and为并列连词,即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。
speedup意为“加速”,C项strengthen意为“加强;增强”可为同义词。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding”然而,化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。
燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。
额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。
随着空气和土壤变得越来越热,地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。
可知,人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“soilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。
末段提出了“Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.”并提供了建议。
因此标题关键词需有soil,carbon等核心词。
A项Warmersoilandmorecarbon.符合分析。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
At23Iappliedforfull-timepositionswithnointentionofworkingfivedaysaweek.Asahousewife,Ihadtwopre-schoolchildrenthenbutwantedtoworkthreedaysaweek.
Thiswasahugedealforme.Ineededtowork,butalsowantedtospendtimewithmychildrenwhiletheywereyoung.Ididn'twanttomissoutonschooldrop-offsandpick-ups.ButIalsodidn'twanttomissoutontheopportunityofpromotion.
Beforetheinterviews,IpreparedaplanofhowIwasgoingtomakethisworkformeandtheemployer.Isawitasatwo-wayagreement—thebusinessadaptingtomeandmeadaptingtothebusiness.
FinallyIbecameamemberofEYat33.EYwastheonlyfirmthatseemedreceptivetomyplan;infact,wespenttimeduringthatfirstinterviewtalkingabouthowwecouldmakeitworktogether.Mostimportantly,thepersoninterviewingmeworkedflexiblytoo—fourdaysaweek.
IappreciatedthatI'moneoftheluckyones.Even10yearson,flexiblehiringandworkingremainstheexceptionratherthantheruleformost.
Whatwillhelpshiftviewsandbehavior,inadditiontoorganizationsupdatingtheirhiringpolicies,istalkingmoreopenlyabouthowmostofusorganizeourdayaroundourresponsibilities.Weallhavealifeoutsideofworkandweshouldn'tbeembarrassedtotalkaboutit,evenduringajobinterview.
It'sachangeinthewayofthinking,notjustforemployersbutemployeestoo.IntheearlydaysIwasconfidentaboutmyabilitybutIprobablydidhaveapreconception(先入之见)thatworkingpart-timewouldlimitmycareerprogression.WhatIquicklyrealizedwasthatifItookresponsibilityformydevelopment,IcouldmakesurethatIgotthesameopportunitiesasifIwasworkingfull-time.SoIofferedsolutionstohowwecouldmakeitwork,anditmademestandout.
(1)Whydidtheauthorwantaflexiblejob?
A. Tobalanceherworkandlife.
B. Tohavemoretimetorelax.
C. Toavoidtoomuchstressinlife.
D. Tostandoutasaspecialwoman.
(2)WhatperhapsmadetheauthorbecomeamemberofEY?
A. Thetimespentdiscussingherplan.
B. Herrelationshipwiththeinterviewer.
C. Hergreatconfidenceintheinterview.
D. Theinterviewer'sunderstandingher.
(3)Whatdoestheauthoradvisetoapplyforaflexiblejob?
A. Tryingtoseizeeveryopportunityonecanget.
B. Persuadingthecompanytochangeitshiringpolicies.
C. Beinghonestaboutone'spersonallifeoutsideofwork.
D. Convincingtheemployerofone'sresponsibilityforthejob.
(4)Whatcanweinferaboutherjobfromthepassage?
A.Itweakenedherability.
B.Itmadeherhighlynoticeable.
C.Itlimitedhercareerpromotion.
D.Itcausedhertoearnlessmoney.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分
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