美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题8含答案.docx
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美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题8含答案.docx
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美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题8含答案
美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题8(含答案)
SECTIONI
Time35minutes26Questions
Directions:
Eachpassageinthissectionisfollowedbyagroupofquestionstobeansweredonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Forsomeofthequestions,morethanoneofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosethebestanswer,thatis,theresponsethatmostaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestion,andblackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.
Mostofficeworkersassumethatthemessagestheysendtoeachotherviaelectronicmailareasprivateasatelephonecalloraface-to-facemeeting.Thatassumptioniswrong.Althoughitisillegalinmanyareasforanemployertoeavesdroponprivateconversationsortelephonecalls—eveniftheytakeplaceonacompany-ownedtelephone—therearenoclearrulesgoverningelectronicmail.Infact,thequestionofhowprivateelectronicmailtransmissionsshouldbehasemergedasoneofthemorecomplicatedlegalissuesoftheelectronicage.
People’sopinionsaboutthedegreeofprivacythatelectronicmailshouldhavevarydependingonwhoseelectronicmailsystemisbeingusedandwhoisreadingthemessages.Doesagovernmentoffice,forexample,havetherighttodestroyelectronicmessagescreatedinthecourseofrunningthegovernment,therebydenyingpublicaccesstosuchdocuments?
Someholdthatgovernmentofficesshouldissueguidelinesthatallowtheirstafftodeletesuchelectronicrecords,anddefendthispracticebyclaimingthatthemessagesthusdeletedalreadyexistinpaperversionswhosedestructionisforbidden.Opponentsofsuchpracticesarguethatthepaperversionsoftenomitsuchinformationaswhoreceivedthemessagesandwhentheyreceivedthem,informationcommonlycarriedonelectronicmailsystems.Governmentofficials,opponentsmaintain,arecivilservants;thepublicshouldthushavetherighttoreviewanydocumentscreatedduringtheconductingofgovernmentbusiness.
Questionsaboutelectronicmailprivacyhavealsoarisenintheprivatesector.Recently,twoemployeesofanautomotivecompanywerediscoveredtohavebeencommunicatingdisparaginginformationabouttheirsupervisorviaelectronicmail.Thesupervisor,whohadbeenmonitoringthecommunication,threatenedtofiretheemployees.Whentheemployeesfiledagrievancecomplainingthattheirprivacyhadbeenviolated,theywereletgo.Later,theircourtcaseforunlawfulterminationwasdismissed;thecompany’slawyerssuccessfullyarguedthatbecausethecompanyownedthecomputersystem,itssupervisorshadtherighttoreadanythingcreatedonit.
Insomeareas,lawsprohibitoutsideinterceptionofelectronicmailbyathirdpartywithoutproperauthorizationsuchasasearchwarrant.However,theselawsdonotcover“inside”interceptionsuchasoccurredattheautomotivecompany.Inthepast,courtshaveruledthatinterofficecommunicationsmaybeconsideredprivateonlyifemployeeshavea“reasonableexpectation”ofprivacywhentheysendthemessages.Thefactisthatnoabsoluteguaranteeofprivacyexistsinanycomputersystem.Theonlysolutionmaybeforuserstoscrambletheirownmessageswithencryptioncodes;unfortunately,suchcomplexcodesarelikelytounderminetheprincipalvirtueofelectronicmail:
itsconvenience.
1.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?
(A)Untilthelegalquestionssurroundingtheprivacyofelectronicmailinboththepublicandprivatesectorshavebeenresolved,officeworkerswillneedtoscrambletheirelectronicmailmessageswithencryptioncodes.
(B)Thelegalquestionssurroundingtheprivacyofelectronicmailintheworkplacecanbestberesolvedbytreatingsuchcommunicationsasiftheywereasprivateastelephoneconversationsorface-to-facemeetings.
(C)Anyattempttoresolvethelegalquestionssurroundingtheprivacyofelectronicmailintheworkplacemusttakeintoaccounttheessentialdifferencebetweenpublic-sectorandprivatesectorbusiness.
(D)Atpresent,inboththepublicandprivatesectors,thereseemtobenocleargeneralanswerstothelegalquestionssurroundingtheprivacyofelectronicmailintheworkplace.
(E)Thelegalquestionssurroundingtheprivacyofelectronicmailintheworkplaceofelectronicmailintheworkplacecanbestberesolvedbyallowingsupervisorsinpublic-sectorbutnotprivate-sectorofficestomonitortheiremployees’communications.
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthereasonsomepeopleusetoopposethedeletionofelectronicmailrecordsatgovernmentoffices?
(A)Suchdeletionrevealstheextentofgovernment’sunhealthyobsessionwithsecrecy.
(B)Suchdeletionrunscountertothenotionofgovernment’saccountabilitytoitsconstituency.
(C)Suchdeletionclearlyviolatesthelegalrequirementthatgovernmentofficeskeepduplicatecopiesofalltheirtransactions.
(D)Suchdeletionviolatesthegovernment’sownguidelinesagainstdestructionofelectronicrecords.
(E)Suchdeletionharmsrelationsbetweengovernmentemployeesandtheirsupervisors.
3.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatestheorganizationofthepassage?
(A)Aproblemisintroduced,followedbyspecificexamplesillustratingtheproblem:
apossiblesolutionissuggested,followedbyanacknowledgmentofitsshortcomings.
(B)Aproblemisintroduced,followedbyexplicationsoftwopossiblesolutionstotheproblem:
thefirstsolutionispreferredtothesecond,andreasonsaregivenforwhyitisthebetteralternative.
(C)Aproblemisintroduced,followedbyanalysisofthehistoricalcircumstancesthathelpedbringtheproblemaboutapossiblesolutionisofferedandrejectedasbeingonlyapartialremedy.
(D)Aproblemisintroduced,followedbyenumerationofvariousquestionsthatneedtobeansweredbeforeasolutioncanbefound:
onepossiblesolutionisproposedandarguedfor.
(E)Aproblemisintroduced,followedbydescriptionsoftwocontrastingapproachestothinkingabouttheproblem:
thesecondapproachispreferredtothefirst,andreasonsaregivenforwhyitismorelikelytoyieldasuccessfulsolution.
4.Basedonthepassage,theauthor’sattitudetowardsinterceptionofelectronicmailcanmostaccuratelybedescribedas:
(A)outrightdisapprovalofthepractice
(B)supportforemployerswhoengageinit
(C)supportforemployeeswholosetheirjobsbecauseofit
(D)intellectualinterestinitslegalissues
(E)cynicismaboutthemotivesbehindthepractice
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldmostlikelyholdwhichoneofthefollowingopinionsaboutanencryptionsystemthatcouldencodesanddecodeelectronicmailmessageswithasinglekeystroke?
(A)Itwouldbeanunreasonableburdenonacompany’sabilitytomonitorelectronicmailcreatedbyitsemployees.
(B)Itwouldsignificantlyreducethedifficultyofattemptingtosafeguardtheprivacyofelectronicmail.
(C)Itwouldcreatesubstantiallegalcomplicationsforcompaniestryingtopreventemployeesfromrevealingtradesecretstocompetitors.
(D)Itwouldguaranteeonlyaminimallevelofemployeeprivacy,andsowouldnotbeworththecostinvolvedininstallingsuchasystem.
(E)Itwouldrequireachangeinthelegaldefinitionof“reasonableexpectationofprivacy”asitappliestoemployer-employeerelations.
6.Giventheinformationinthepassage,whichoneofthefollowinghypotheticaleventsisLEASTlikelytooccur?
(A)Acourtrulesthatagovernmentoffice’spracticeofdeletingitselectronicmailisnotinthepublic’sbestinterests.
(B)Aprivate-sectoremployerisfoundliableforwiretappinganofficetelephoneconversationinwhichtwoemployeesexchangeddisparaginginformationabouttheirsupervisor.
(C)Acourtupholdstherightofagovernmentofficetodestroybothpaperandelectronicversionsofitsin-housedocuments.
(D)Acourtupholdsaprivate-sectoremployer’srighttomonitormessagessentbetweenemployeesoverthecompany’sin-houseelectronicmailsystem.
(E)Acourtrulesinfavorofaprivate-sectoremployeewhosesupervisorstatedthatin-houseelectronicmailwouldnotbemonitoredbutlaterfiredtheemployeeforcommunicatingdisparaginginformationviaelectronicmail.
7.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageisto
(A)demonstratethattheindividualrighttoprivacyhasbeenerodedbyadvancesincomputertechnology
(B)comparethelegalstatusofelectronicmailinthepublicandprivatesectors
(C)drawanextendedanalogybetweentheprivacyofelectronicmailandtheprivacyoftelephoneconversationsorface-to-facemeeting
(D)illustratethecomplexitiesoftheprivacyissuessurroundingelectronicmailintheworkplace
(E)explainwhythecourtshavenotbeenabletoruledefinitelyontheissueoftheprivacyofelectronicmail
参考答案:
1-7 DBADBCD
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