shl verbal 经典 1.docx
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shl verbal 经典 1.docx
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shlverbal经典1
1.Humanmortality,whilstconsistingofunpredictableindividualevents,hasastatisticalregularitywhenaveragedacrossalargegroup.Thismakespossibleawholehostofproducts,ofwhichtheannuityisone.Thepriceofanannuitypayingafixedregularincomeforlifeisbaseduponthestatisticallifeexpectancyofthepurchaseratthetimetheannuityistobegin.Thecompanysellingtheannuitywillbenefitfromallthosecustomersthatdieearlierthanpredicted,whilecustomersareattractedbytheprospectofguaranteedincomeforaslongastheylive.Annuitieshavethedisadvantagethatthecapitalinvestedisunrecoverable(i.e.uponthedeathofannuitantnothingisleftfortheheirs),butthatfactalsoenablesannuitiestoguaranteehigherpaymentsthancouldbeobtainedifthesamesumofmoneywereinvestedatinterest.
◆Theheirsofapersonwhobuyanannuitytendtobeagainstthepurchase.cannotsay
◆Essentially,thepurchaserofanannuityisgamblingthattheywilllivelongenoughtoreceiveagoodreturnontheirinvestment.F
◆Annuityreturnsaregenerallysimilartoreturnsfrominvestingthemoneyinaninterestbearingaccounts.FALSE
2.Incasuallanguage,thetermstheoryandmodelareoftenusedinterchangeably.Fromatechnicalpointofviewthereisanimportantdifference.Theoriesprovideageneralframework,butbecauseofthegeneralityofthespecification,atheorycannotbeshowntobeusefuloruselessuntilitisfullyspecifiedintheformofamodel.Amodel,ontheotherhand,needsbydefinitiontobeformulatedwithintheconcepts,alongwithasetofassumptionsaboutheconceptsandtheirrelationships.Theappropriatenessofamodelmustthenbeevaluatedwithrespecttoaparticularsetoftestdata.Theevaluationmaybedonebyconductingasuitablydesignedsetofempiricalinvestigations,byrationalinspectionofthemodelassumptionsinrelationtothetestdata,orideallyboth.Inthestrictsense,allmodelsprovideincompleterepresentationsofthedatatowhichtheytofitted.Thereforethemeaningfulquestionisnotwhetheramodeliscorrectorincorrect,butratherwhetherthemodelfitsthedatawellenoughtobeusefulinguidingtheprocess.Statisticalevidenceandjudgmentplayimportantrolesinansweringthatquestion.
●Itismoremeaningfultolookatthepracticalutilityofamodelthanitsabsoluteveracity.TRUE
◆Mostpeoplefailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenatheoryandamodel.cannotsay
◆Amodelcanexistintheabsenceofatheory.cannotsay
3.Communicationtechnologiesarefarfromequivalent.Arecentstudycomparinghonestyacrossarangeofdifferentmediarevealedthatpeopleweretwiceaslikelytotelllieswhenusingthephonethanwhencommunicatingviae-mail.Ithadpreviouslybeenassumedthatpeoplewouldbemoreinclinedtofabricatethetruthwhenusinge-mail,duetotheremotenessoftheinteractionmakingpeoplemorecomfortableaboutdeceivingothers.Onthecontrary,itseemsthatanxietyovertheaccountabilityaffordedbytherecordingofe-mailexchangesinducesgreatertruthfulness.However,theresearchalsonotedthatpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoberudeorinsultingovere-mail,outweighinganybenefitsofincreasedhonesty!
●Animplicationofthestudyisthatiftelephoneconversationsarerecordedandpeopleareawareofthisfact,theyarelikelytobemoretruthfuloverthephone.T
●Peopleareunconcernedabouttherepercussionofe-mailuntruths.F
●Ithadbeenassumedthatpeoplewouldcommunicatemorehonestlywhenusinge-mailthanwhenusingthetelephone.F
4.Thereisoftenconsiderablescientificdisagreementbothaboutavailablereservesofnaturalresourcesandabouttheextentofenvironmentaldamagecausedbyparticularpollutants.Evenwherethescientificevidenceisincontrovertible.Theremaybepoliticalconflict,basedondifferentvestedinterests,overthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.Governmentsmay,forexample,refrainfromintroducingeffectivecontroliftheyfearthesewilladverselyaffectcompanyprofitabilityorjobs,evenwheretheenvironmentalcostofnotintroducingcontrolsareconsiderable
●Thereisalwaysscientificdebatearoundthefactsregardingthereservesofnaturalresources.T
●Veryrarelyisthereconflictoverthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.F
●Partieswithavestedinterestaremoreinfluencedbypoliticsthansciencewhendecidingwhethertoimplementenvironmentalcontrols.CANNOTSAY
5.Whilsthighvisibilitycrimesuchasnight-timedrunkendisturbancehasincreased,totalurbanandruralcrime,bothreportedandunreported,hasfallenoverthelasttwoyears,yetparadoxicallypeoplefeellesssafe,believingthattheconverseisthecase.Thisfallincrimehascoincidedwithadropinthenumberofpoliceofficeronthestreet.Acitizen’sfearofcrimeseemsnottobeamatterofrealityatall-thevisibilityoflawenforcementofficialshasagreaterimpactontheirviewofrealitythanhardfacts.
●Reducingthenumberofpoliceofficerhasledtoareductionincrime.F
●Crimestatisticssupportpopularbeliefaboutthelevelofcrime.F
●Peoplefeelsaferwhentherearemorepoliceonthestreet.T
6.Thereisnotaskmoredifficultthanthatofensuringtheeducationofchildreninmodernsociety.Notonlyschool,butalsoteachersandtheirroleshavechangedoutofallrecognitioninthepastfewdecades,thankstotheimpactonteachinginstitutionsbyindoctrinating,andindoctrinated,reformistintellectualsbearingrevolutionaryideas.Totheperpetualindisciplineofyouthhasnowbeenaddedtheindisciplineofparents,manyofwhominterpretanyreportsofwrongdoinginschoolonthepartoftheiroffspringasapersonalaffront,orasthemanifestationofthemaliceofteachers.Asfortheteachersthemselves,whilstmanyarerespectableandlearnedmenandwomen,whoviewitastheirvocationtoinducttheirchargesintoacivilizationandawayofbehaving,othersattempttoinfluenceyouthmerelytofurthertheirpoliticalorideologicalends.
●Someofthoseworkingineducationhavetheirownhiddenagendas.CANNOTSAY
●Teacherwithrevolutionaryideaswillattempttoinfluencetheirpupilsfortheirownpoliticalends.f
●Someteacherswhoreportchildrenofwrongdoingdosobecauseofmalice,ratherthannaylegitimatereason.f
7.Lastweek,thecompetitioncommissionoutlinedtwopackagestoregulatethesaleofextendedproductwarranties,whichproviderepair/replacementforfaultygoodsbeyondthemanufacturer’soriginalguarantee.Whilstwarrantysalesarecurrentlyhighlyprofitable,withsomeretailersattributingupto¾oftheirprofitstothisincomestream,theyarealsocriticizedforofferingpoorvalueformoneyduetoobscureclauses,whichrestrictpaymentinmany,butthemostunlikelyclaimscenarios.Thefirstpackage-tobanretailerssellingafullwarrantyonthedayofpurchasewascondemnedbyallasdraconian-whilsttheother,rathermilder,optionofforcingretailerstoprovidefullinformationonwarrantyexclusionsandanobligatory60–day“cool-off”periodforcustomers,receivedamorebalancedhearing.
Becausenoonebelievesthatthefirstoptionwilleverbeimplemented,investorsandanalystshavefocusedmorecloselyontheimplicationofthe“milder”package.Inarecentleakedresearchnote,oneanalystsuggestedthattheimplementationofthereforminthesecondpackagewouldplaceastaff-trainingburdenontheretailer,whichwouldleadtoasignificantincreaseinthecostofwarrantysales,andapredicted20%fallinactualsales.
●“Cool-off”periodsarenotcurrentlyofferedbycompaniessellingproductwarranties.
●Itislikelythatneitherpackagewillbeimplemented.F
●Preventingretailersfromsellingwarrantiesonthedayofpurchaseofaproductwasfelttobetooseverearestriction.
8.Allscientificknowledgeisprovisional.Everythingthatscienceknows,eventhemostmundanefactsandlong-establishedtheories,issubjecttore-examinationasnewinformationcomesin.thelatestdataandideasarescrutinizedthemost.Somerecantationswillbeunavoidable,butthisisnotaweaknessofscience,butratheritsstrength.Noendeavorrivalsscienceinitsincrementalprogresstowardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheobservableuniverse.
◆Scienceimprovesunderstandingonthebasisofleavingunchallengedthosetheoriesthatappeartowork.F
◆Somefactsinsciencecannotbechallengedifanyprogressistobemade.F
◆Thatwhichisnotobservablecannotbepartofthedomainofscience.
9.TheStatuteonworkplacesafetyrequiresthatanemployershouldensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thehealth,safetyandwelfareatworkofallfullandparttimeemployees,andalsothosenotindirectemploymentwhomaybeaffectedbyactsoromissionsatwork.However,itisalsothedutyofemployeestotakereasonablecarefortheirownhealthandsafetyandalsothatofotherpersonswhomaybeaffectedbytheiractsoromissionsatwork,forexamplebycomplyingwithallnoticesonhealthandsafetythatareposted.
●Ifaworkplacevisitorishurtduetoanactofnegligencebyanemployeethentheemployeemaybeheldsolelyresponsible.
●Anemployerhasresponsibilityforthesafetyofvisitorstohisfactory.
●Employeeshavenegligibleresponsibilityforworkplacehealthandsafety.
10.Today’shistoriansaimtoconstructarecordofhumanactivitiesandtousethisrecordtoachieveamoreprofoundunderstandingofhumanity.Thisconceptionoftheirtaskisquiterecent,datingfromthedevelopmentfrom18thandearly19thcenturiesofscientifichistory,andcultivatedlargelybyprofess
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