626语言学与作文真题回忆版.docx
- 文档编号:27523047
- 上传时间:2023-07-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:22.46KB
626语言学与作文真题回忆版.docx
《626语言学与作文真题回忆版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《626语言学与作文真题回忆版.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
626语言学与作文真题回忆版
626语言学与作文2011年真题回忆版
Partone:
linguistics
第一题:
名词解释
1.Conceptualmeaning2.Languagetransfer3.Placeofarticulation
4.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis5.Allomorph
第二题:
填空(十个)
1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.
2.Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.
3.Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.
4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthat
introducestheembeddedclause.
5、"CanIborrowyourbike?
"___"Youhaveabike."
6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.
7、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.
8、AccordingtoKrashen,__________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.
9、Languageisasystemof__________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.unnatural
10、H__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.
第三题:
判断(十个)
()1.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.
()2.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.
()3.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.
()4.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
()5.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.
()6.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.
()7.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.
()8.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.
()9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment;heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.
()10.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage;theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.
第四题:
分析题(五个)A.UseErrorAnalysistoanalyzethefollowingsentences.
用错误分析法分析句子
1.Mymothersleeping.
2.Hisbrotherisgoestoschoolbybus.
3.TherearesomanyTaiwanpeoplelivearoundthelake.
4.Theydidn’twentthere.
5.Thedogfinishedtoeatthebones.
BDoyouthinkBiscooperativeinthefollowingdialogue?
SupportyourargumentwithCooperativePrinciple.
1.A:
Whenisthebuscoming?
B:
Therehasbeenanaccidentfurtheruptheroad.
2.A:
WhereisBill?
B:
ThereisayellowcaroutsideSue’shouse.
CWhatarethesenserelationsbetweenthefollowinggroupsofwords?
1.Dogs,cats,pets,parrots;
2.trunk,branches,tree,roots
DExplainsentenceswiththefunctionsoflanguage.
1.Wow,whatabeautifulgirl!
2.DearProfessor,wouldyouliketogivemesomeadviceaboutmytermpaper?
3.Wehumanbeingscantalkabouttalkandthinkaboutthinking.
E.Thefollowingisspokenbyfemales.Pleasesummarizethefeaturesofwomanlanguage.
1.Iwassonaive.
2.Mygoodness,there’sthevice-chancelor!
3.Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?
4.Won’tyoupleasegetmethatglass?
第五题:
小作文“LinguisticsandOurDailyLife”(200words)
Parttwo:
composition
AOriginalideasareofgreatvaluethanjustcopyothers’ideas(250Words)
Bwhysomanypeoplegoabroadandstudyinenglish.whyenglishwouldbethefirstlanguageintheworld.(300words)
4.1.1真题解析及技巧指导
第一题:
名词解释
1.以小见大,从所考的Conceptualmeaning可以看出与之相关的一系列概念是考试重点,在这里复习一下:
Differenttypesofmeaning(RecognizedbyLeech,1974)
(1)Conceptualmeaning:
Logical,cognitive,ordenotativecontent.
(2)Associativemeaning
a.Connotativemeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedbyvirtueofwhatlanguagerefersto.
b.Socialmeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedofthesocialcircumstancesoflanguageuse.
c.Affectivemeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.
d.Reflectedmeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.
e.Collocativemeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithwordswhichtendtooccurintheenvironmentofanotherword.
(3)Thematicmeaning:
Whatiscommunicatedbythewayinwhichthemessageisorganizedintermsoforderandemphasis.
2.Languagetransfer:
whethertheylearnthetargetlanguageconsciouslyorsubconsciously,learnshavecometothetaskofacquiringasecondlanguagewiththeirfiestlanguage.Naturally,learnswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.
考查范围:
Languageandsociety
注意关注相关概念Whatarevernacular,PidginandCreole?
Whatarebilingualism,diglossia,andmultilingualism?
Whatisdiscourseanalysis?
Linguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity,Speechcommunity
3.Placeofarticulationreferstotheplaceinthemouthwhere,forexample,theobstructionoccurs,resultingintheutteranceofaconsonant.
考察范围:
发音学、音系学
相关概念:
mannerofarticulation
4.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis:
WhattheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggestsislikethis:
ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressouruniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.Followingthisargument,twoimportantpointscouldbecapturedinthetheory.Ontheonehand,languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatterns;ontheotherhand,similaritybetweenlanguageisrelative,thegreatertheirstructuraldifferentiationis,themorediversetheirconceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.Forthisreason,thishypothesishasalternativelybeenreferredtoaslinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity.Thishypothesishastwoversions:
astrongandaweakversion.Thestrongversionofthetheoryreferstotheclaimtheoriginalhypothesissuggests,emphasizingthedecisiveroleoflanguageastheshaperofourthinkingpatterns.Theweakversion,however,isamodifiedtypeofitsoriginaltheory,suggestingthatthereisacorrelationbetweenlanguage,culture,andthought,butthecross-culturaldifferencesthusproducedinourwaysofthinkingarerelative,ratherthancategorical.
考查范围:
Language,CultureandSociety
5.Allomorph:
Itisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.
考查范围:
morphology
第二题:
填空(十个)
1.descriptive2.tongue3.freemorpheme4.subordinator主从连词5.presupposes6.Pragmatics7.Pidgin8.Acquisition9.Arbitrary10.Homonymy
第三题:
判断
1.FThecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.
2.T
3.FSomecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.
4.T
5.FItisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense.
6.T
7.F
ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.
8.T
9.T
10.F
Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.
第四题:
分析题
A.1.Thesentenceisgrammaticallywrong.Theabsenceofanitem,thatisthepredicate“is”,mustappearinawell-formedutterance.Theerrorisomission.
2.Thissentenceisgrammaticallywrong.Thepresenceofanitem,thatis“is”,mustnotappearinwell-formedutterances.Wecalltheerroraddition.
3.Thespeakercommitstheerror.Thereistwosituations.First,theerroroccursbecause“who”isomittedafter“people”.Second,because“live”isusedinsteadof“living”,theerroroccurs.
4.Theuseofatensemarkertwiceinonesentence.Thiserrorbelongstodoublemarkings.
5.Themeaningofthesentenceisclear.Itjustusesthewrongformofthemorphemeorstructure:
Misformation.Thecorrectformationmaybe:
“Thedoghavefinishedthebones.”or“Thedogfinishedeatingthebones.”
小结:
Firstofall,wehavetoknownthedefinitionofErrorAnalysis.Erroristhegrammaticallyincorrectform.Erroranalysis:
Erroranalysisisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguagelearner.Thenyoushouldclearlyrememberthefivetypesoferror:
omissions,additions,doublemarkings,misformationsandmisorderings.Youshouldusethetheorytoexplainthesesentences.Theprocedureoferroranalysisconsistsofthefollowingsteps:
(1)Recognition.Dealingwithasentenceproducedbythelanguagespeaker,weshouldfirstaskwhetherthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Iftheanswerisnegative,thenerrorsexist.Iftheanswerispositive,thenwefurthercheckwhetherthesentenceisappropriateinthecommunicativecontext.Anegativeanswerindicatesamistake.
(2)Description.Iftheerroneoussentenceisintelligible,wecompareitwiththecorrectsentenceproducedbyanativespeakerandlisttheerrorsandmistakes,ifthemeaningofsentenceisnotclear,wemayrefertothelearner’snativelanguagetofindoutwhathemeansandcarryoutacontrastiveanalysis.Takingintoconsiderationtheuseoflangu
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 626 语言学 作文 回忆