gated+community.docx
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gated+community.docx
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gated+community
GatedCommunities
AccessControlIssues
byChrisEMcGoey,CPP,CSP,CAM
PerceptionofSecurity
Moreandmorepeoplewanttoresideingatedresidentialcommunities.Becauseofthis,gatedresidentialcommunitiesandgardenapartmentsacrossthecountryarebeingbuiltatrecordrates.Inthe1970stherewereapproximately2000gatedcommunitiesnationwide.Intheearly2000s,therewereover50,000gatedpropertieswithmorebeingbuilteveryyear.Thatequatestoaboutsevenmillionhouseholdsor6%ofthenationaltotalbehindwallsorfences.Aboutfourmillionofthetotalisincommunitieswhereaccessiscontrolledbygates,entrycodes,keycardsorsecurityguards
(1).Gatedcommunitiesoffersomebenefitsandsomedrawbacksdependingwhetheryouarearesidentorinpropertymanagement.Iwilldiscussbothsidesoftheissueinthisarticle.
Allgatedandfencedresidentialcommunitieshaveseveralthingsincommon.Gatesandfencesprovidetheperceptionofsecurity,safety,andprivacy.Inaffluentresidentialneighborhoods,privacymeansexclusivityandthereforeincreasedpropertyvalues.Addinganattractiveautomaticentrygatesystemcaneasilyadd$50,000ormoretosinglefamilyhomevalueswithinsomecommunitiesregardlessofwhetherithasanyeffectoncrime.
GatesasanAmenity
Largeapartmentpropertiesoftenaddgatesystemsasanamenitytoattractnewresidents.Gatedcommunitiesaredesirabletomostprospectiveresidentsandtomostpropertymanagersbecausetheycanchargeapremiumforrent.Themainpurposeofagate,onalow-crimeproperty,isnottodeterorpreventcrimebuttoprovidetheperceptionofsecurityandexclusivity.Let’sfaceit,everyonewantstofeelgoodaboutwheretheyliveandagatedcommunityislikeaprivateclubwhereaccessprivilegesarerequired.Anyrealbenefitsofcrimepreventionareaplus.
Still,otherapartmentcommunitiesaddgatesystemsasabarriertokeepcriminalsoffthepropertyandawayfromrentpayingresidents.Inthissetting,theintentionistoreducecrimeandretainresidentsbyerectingasignificantbarriertounauthorizedfootandvehicletraffic.Gatesareoftenconsideredasacheaperalternativetohiringandmanagingsecurityguards.Gateinstallationcompaniespromotethisintheirmarketingandstresstheaddedbenefitofliabilityprotection.Thatisnotalwayssoundadvice.Gatescanalsobeabarriertoemergencyserviceslikethepoliceorfiredepartments.Itisextremelyimportanttohaveasysteminplacethatallowsquickaccesstothem.Mostcommunitiesusea"KnoxBox"keysystembuttherearealsouniversalkeypadcodes,andrestrictedradiofrequencyaccess.CheckwithyourlocalpoliceandFireMarshall.
DoGatesReduceCrime?
Thisisthemostcommonquestionthatisasked.Theanswerisalwaysaqualified,yes.Fencesandworkinggatesdefinitelyreduceunauthorizedvehicleandfoottrafficonapropertyespeciallylateatnightandearlyinthemorning.Formanyproperties,trafficreductionaloneisenoughtoreducemuchoftheparkinglotandstreetcrime.Notemyemphasison"working"gates.Swinginggatesinavolatilecommunitywillhaveproblemsbeingoperational24-hoursperdayduetoabuseandvandalism.
Theeffectivenessofgatesandfencingdependsonthenatureofthepropertyandthemanagementcontrolsinplace.Gatesandfencingworksbestonastablepropertywithnon-criminal,matureresidents.Ifyoumanageapropertythatcaterstocollegestudentsitcanbeanightmaretomaintainaneffectivegatesystem.Ifyouintendtoinstallagatesystemonahigh-crimepropertythatisfullofcriminaltypes,drugdealers,andgangmembersthegatedsystemwillbewasteofmoneyuntilyouclearthebadelementout.
Formidablefencingandgates,bydesign,restrictaccessandthereforeprovidebothaphysicalandpsychologicalbarrierforcriminals.Goodsignageisnecessarytoannouncethatthisisprivatepropertyandtopostyournotrespassingpolicy.Sure,onecantailgateontoapropertybehindsomeoneelsebutthisrequireseffortandexposesthecriminaltoapotentialwitness.Criminalswanttocomeontoanapartmentpropertyanonymouslyandblendintothecommunityofstrangers.Criminalslikequickescaperoutesanddon’twanttobecometrappedbehindfencesorgatesshouldtheybediscovered.Manycriminalswillbypassagatedcommunityforonethatisnotgatedsimplybecauseoftherestrictedaccess.
Gatedcommunitiesshouldnotclaimtobeabletopreventallcrimes.Gatesandfencesisjustanothertooltohelpapropertymanagerfightcrime.Moretoolsareusuallyrequiredtodothecompletejob.Supportbytheresidentsandmanagementisrequiredtomaintainaneffectivegatesystem.Managementneedstoeducatetheresidentshowtheproperlyusethegatesystemandhowtoreportabuseanddamage.Managementneedstoscreenresidentsandenforcecommunityrulestopreventcriminaltypesfromresidingontheinside.Residentsneedtoreportorchallengeunauthorizedpersonsusingthegatesandnotgiveoutgatecodesunnecessarily.Managementneedstoperiodicallychangethemastergatecodetoscreenoutformerrepairvendors,azillionpizzadeliverycompanies,andformerresidents.
VideoSystemSupport
Videosurveillancesystemsworkwellinsupportofaccesscontrolgates.Awell-placedvideocameracankeepaneyeonthegatedentryareas24-hoursadayandneverblinkonce.Videocamerasshouldbeplacedinsuchamannertobeabletoidentifythevehiclemakesandlicenseplatesofanyonewhoapproaches.Thisisagreatdeterrenttovandalismandispositiveproofshouldagatebedamagedbyacarelessdriver.Becausetheyoperate24-hoursaday,avideocameramustbeprotectedfromtheweatherandvandalismbyaweatherproofhousing.Thevideolensmustadjustautomaticallytothechanginglightingconditionsforbestpicturequality.Awell-placedsignshouldannouncetoallthattheyareundervideosurveillance.Ofcoursetocapturetheseimages,acommercialgradetime-lapsevideorecorderisrequiredinaenvironmentallyprotectiveenclosure.
Videosystemscanbeintegratedwiththegateintercomsystemandallowhomeownerstoviewwhoisatthegateseekingpermissiontoenter.Technically,videosignalsfromagateonawestcoastpropertycanbemonitoredbyasecurityfirmontheeastcoastduetotheadventofdigitalandbroadbandtechnologies.Theycanevencarryonaconversationwiththepersondesiringaccessandopenthegateremotelyforthem.
HowShouldGatesbeExplained?
Thereisatrendinthemulti-housingindustrynottousethewordSECURITYwhenreferringtopedestrianandvehiclegates.Gatesystemshavebeencalledsecuritygates,limitedaccessgates,controlledaccessportals,andmanyothers.Themulti-housingindustryerroneouslybelievesthatifitdoesn’tsaythatfencesandaccessgatesarefor"securitypurposes"thenitwillbeprotectedfromcivilliability.Nothingcouldbefartherfromthetruth.
Isay,"Ifitlookslikeaduck,walkslikeaduck,andquackslikeaduck,thenit’sprobablyaduck."Callthemwhatyouwillbutthefunctionoffencingandgateswilldefinetheirrealpurpose.Thedesignistokeepunauthorizedpeopleout.Thereisnothingwrongwithbelievingthathavingaformidablebarrieraroundyourpropertywillhelppreventcrime...Youjustcan’tguaranteeit.
WhichGateTypeisBest?
Thebestgatetypedependsonthepurposeandpropertytypes.Swinginggateslookthebestandareselectedmoreoftenforprivatesinglefamilyresidentialcommunities.Thedownsideisthecostandmaintenanceexpense.Twogateoperatorsarerequiredtoopeneachwingofeachgateset,whichdoublestheexpenseandrequirestwicethemaintenance.Swinginggatesalsogetdamagedmoreoftenasanxiousdrivershitthemastheyenterthepropertywiththeircars.Swinginggatesareanightmaretomaintainonahigh-trafficapartmentpropertyfilledwithyoungpeople.
Gatesthatslidehorizontallyarelessattractive,butarecheapertopurchaseandmaintain.Onlyonegateoperatorisrequiredandithasfewervulnerablepartstobreak.Whenacarclipsaslidinggate,theusualresultisgettingknockedoffthetrackasopposedtobendingorbreakingacontrolarmorweldpoint.
Withanytypeofgatesystem,in-groundloop-detectorsarerequiredtoautomaticallysignalwhenacarispresentsotheautomaticgateoperatorandfunctionaccordingly.Loopdetectorsarerequiredtopreventthegatesfromcrashingintoacarandtoallowingfreeegressfrominsidetheproperty.Loopdetectorsarenotdesignedtopreventtailgatingandshouldnotbecircumventedtopreventthis.
HowtoPreventTailgating
Tailgatingisthepracticeoffollowinganauthorizedresidentvehiclethroughtheopengatesbeforeitcloses.Tailgatingiscommonpracticeatallgatedcommunitiesandthecauseofsomeofthedamagetothegatesystems.Tailgatingismostcommonduringrushhours.Tailgatingisonlyconsideredbadwhenunauthorizedpersonsinfiltratetheproperty.Onalargepropertyitisimpossibletoknowwhoisauthorizedtotailgateandwhoisnot.Somepropertieseducatetheirresidentstostopandwaitforthegatetoclosebehindtheircarbeforeproceeding.Thiscanbeeffectiveonsmall,low-volumepropertieswhereresidentcarsarerecognizable.
Onalargeproperty,vehicleidentityisnotsoeasy.Theonlywaytobesure,otherthanpostingaguard,istoforceeachvehicletoentertheiraccesscode,card,orremotetogainentry.Addingahigh-speedswing-armbetweenthegatekeypadandthegatetypicallydoesthetrick.However,theremustbeenoughfront-endrealestateforthismodification.Theswing-armhastobesynchronizedtoopenandcloseb
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