涉外合同英语特色开题报告.docx
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涉外合同英语特色开题报告.docx
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涉外合同英语特色开题报告
涉外合同英语特色开题报告
篇一:
涉外合同的英语语言特色
摘要
实务中有不少涉外经济合同纠纷是因各方对合同文字的理解不一而引起的,究其原因,主要是起草者对合同语言的特殊性缺乏应有的了解,结果导致合同语言的模糊性和不确定性。
本文从词法、句法及应用等三个层面对英文经贸合同语言的特殊性及其变化规律进行探讨,以期能有助于对此类合同的阅读和起草。
关键词:
涉外合同;语言特征;阅读和起草
ABSTRACT
Inpractice,theoccurrenceofinconsistencyininterpretationofthecontractEnglishhasresultedinagoodfewcasesofdisputes.Inessence,itislargelyduetothedraftsman’sfailuretohaveadeep-inunderstandingoftheunderlyingfeaturesofthecontractlanguage,whichmightleadtotheambiguitiesanduncertaintiesofthecontractwording.ThispapertriestoanalyzethelinguisticfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscontractsatthemorphological,syntacticalanddiscourselevelsrespectivelywithaviewtorenderingahelpinthereadinganddraftingthecontracts.
Keywords:
contractEnglish;languagefeatures;readinganddrafting
Contents
1.Introduction......................................................................................................................1
2.Literaturereview..............................................................................................................2
Studyofcontract..............................................................................................................2
StudyoflegalEnglish......................................................................................................3
StudyofcontractEnglish.................................................................................................3
ThestudyofthestylisticfeaturesofcontractEnglishinChina......................................4
3.ThelanguagefeaturesofcontractEnglish.....................................................................6
Thelexicalfeatures..........................................................................................................6
Formalwords................................................................................................................6
ArchaicWords...............................................................................................................7
Synonyms......................................................................................................................8
Abbreviations................................................................................................................8
Thesyntaxfeatures..........................................................................................................9
Activevoice...................................................................................................................9
Presenttense................................................................................................................10
Shall+verb............
.......................................................................................................10
Thesententialfeatures....................................................................................................11
Declarativesentences..................................................................................................11
Longsentences............................................................................................................12
Conditionalclauses.....................................................................................................13
4.Implications....................................................................................................................15
ImplicationforreadingcontractEnglish.......................................................................15
Implicationfordraftingcontract....................................................................................16
5.Conclusion.......................................................................................................................17Acknowledgements.............................................................................错误!
未定义书签。
References...........................................................................................................................18
1.Introduction
Languageismuchmorethanmerelyameansofcommunication.Itisalsoawayofsignaling,consciouslyorunconsciously,thatwecomefromaparticulararea,orbelongtoacertainsocialgroup.[1]51Everyfieldofexpertisedevelopsitsownlanguagefeatures.[2]36ThelanguageofEnglishusedincontracts,orcontractEnglish,isanimportantbranchoflegalEnglish.LegalEnglishmeansthelanguageofthelawofEngland,America,andsomeothercountrieswhoseofficiallanguageisEnglish.ThesecommonlawsystemcountrieshaveahistoryaboutseveralhundredyearstoexpresslawinEnglish.LegalEnglishisatypeoflegallanguagewithoverlapoflinguisticsandthescienceoflaw.[3]6
WithChina’scarryingoutthepolicytopromotereformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,theestablishmentofmarketeconomy,therapiddevelopmentofourcommunicationwithforeigncountriesandChina’sentrytotheWTO,therearemoreandmoreopportunitiesforustocommunicatewiththosecountrieswhoseofficiallanguageisEnglish.Whencommunicatingwithindividuals,legalpersonsorotherorganizationsfromtheEnglishspeakingcountries,weoftenneedtosignEnglishcontractswiththem.Contractplaysanimportantroleininternationaleconomicandtradeactivities,asallachievementsthereofwillbefinallyembodiedinit.
Howtocorrectlydraftandunderstandcontractlanguageisofgreatimportancetoindividualsandbusinessorganizations.ThereareafewbooksandpapersdedicatedtogeneralprinciplesofstylisticfeaturesofEnglishforlaw,butnoneaddressesquestionsofcontractEnglishinsufficientdetailtobeofsignificantpracticalusetotheEnglishcontractlearnersinChina.MydissertationattemptstopresentacomparativelydetailedanalysisofstylisticfeaturesofcontractEnglishwiththeexpectationtobetterhelpcontractlearnersorbusinessmenunderstandanddraftEnglishcontract.
2.Literaturereview
Studyofcontract
ContractEnglish,likeEnglishasawhole,isnotstatic.Ithasundergoneandisstillundergoingenormouschanges.ThedefinitionofcontractsgivenbyKarlaC.Shippey[4]155:
ACommercialContract,insimplestterms,ismerelyanagreementmadebytwoormorepartiesforthepurposeoftransactingbusiness.Intheeyeofscholarsthewordcontractisusedincommonspeech,whichsimplyreferstoawritingcontainingtermsonwhichthepartieshaveagreed.Contractisoftenusedinamoretechnicalsensetomean“apromise,orasetofpromisesforthebreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,ortheperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesaduty.”Putquitesimply,acontractisanagreementwhichthecourtswillenforce.[5]5
Acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.Thepromisemaybetodosomethingortorefrainfromdoingsomething.Themakingofacontractrequiresthemutualassentoftwoormorepersons,oneofthemordinarilymakinganofferandanotheraccepting.Ifoneofthepartiesfailstokeepthepromise,theotherisentitledtolegalrecourseagainsthim.Thelawofcontractshastodowithsuchquestionsaswhetheracontractexists,whatthemeaningofitis,whetheracontracthasbeenbroken,andwhatcompensationisduetheinjuredparty.[6]6
Manycontractsusethewordagreementinthetitle.Insomecontextsthetwowords,contractandagreement,aresynonymsandcanbeusedinterchangeably.Whilecontractandagreementmaybothbeusedtomeanaformalandlegallyenforceablearrangement,agreementmayalsorefertoaninformalarrangementnotsupportedbyconsideration,suchasanagreementbetweenfriendstoplaytennisonSaturdaymorning.Soanagreementisreallythemainingredientofacontract.Butitisnoteveryagreementthatbecomesacontract.Tobeacontract,thatagreementmustbeenforceableintaw.
篇二:
浅谈涉外合同英语特色
摘要
在国际经济贸易活动中,商务合同是一种重要的法律文件依据,商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。
国际商务合同的种类繁多,涉及面广,内容复杂。
这类合同都是涉外交易性质,有其自身的特点,即条理性、规范性和专业性。
商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求,也增加了其难度。
本文用大量的例句,对商务合同英语的准确性、严谨性、规范性做了浅显的分析。
并且简单介绍了涉外合同英语严肃、正式与严谨、准确两方面的特点,并从词汇的角度论证古体词与比较正式的词语使沙外合同英语严肃、正式;成对词、词语重复则使涉外合同英语严谨、准确。
关键词:
涉外英语合同专业严谨规范
目录
前言.....................................................3
第一章涉外合同英语结构特点..............................4
第二章涉外合同英语的用词特点............................5
(一)用词正式........................................5
(二)用词专业........................................6
(三)古词语的使用....................................7
(四)外来语..........................................8
(五)关键性的词常采用同义词连用,避免一词多义....9
(六)同义词和近义词并列.............................9
第三章涉外合同英语的用语特点...........................10
(一)多用主动语态,少用被动语态.....................10
(二)多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签
订以后的事项.........................................11
(三)直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少.......11
(四)尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意
短语.................................................12
第三章涉外合同英语的句子特点...........................12
(一)句子冗长,结构复杂.............................12
(二)句子中状语的位置...............................13
结语....................................................14
参考文献................................................15
浅谈涉外合同英语特色
前言
语言学界的功能主义认为,语言是人类的交际工具,是人类社会生活的一个部分。
社会生活的复杂多样性以及语言使用的环境的多样性决定了语言并不是刻板、毫无变化和差别的统一体,而是一个包括多种语体的复合体。
根据交际领域和社会功能的不同,英语可分为科技体英语、文学体英语、新闻报道体英语、广告体英语、法律体英语、宗教体英语和公文体英语等等。
著名的语言学家指出,“人类行为中有多少个专门系统,就有多少套语言,就有多少套同特殊的语言联系在一起的社会行为”。
每一套特殊的语言实际上就是一种不同的语体,不同的语体在句法、词汇等方面有不同的特征。
合同属于法律性文献。
合同涉及公司企业间的合同契约、合资经营到个人间的租借房屋、参加人寿保险、赊购货物等等,所有这些活动,都要有一种
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