全国硕士研究生入学政治试题及答案解析.docx

全国硕士研究生入学政治试题及答案解析.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学政治试题及答案解析

2012考研英语

（二）真题及答案（word版）

　　Section1UseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1）inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2）mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3）alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4）offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5）anaverageguy,up6）thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.

　　Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7）GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8）tosoldiers.AndJoe?

Acommonnameforaguywhonever9）ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10）hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.

　　GI.joehada（11）careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora（12）ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle（13）portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe（14）sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere（15）orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports（16）the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen（17）thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the（18）ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:

coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.（19）Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,（20）themostimportantpersonintheirlives.

　　1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

　　2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal

　　3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded

　　4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes

　　5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

　　6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

　　7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming

　　8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown

　　9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

　　10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

　　11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished

　　12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony

　　13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned

　　14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human

　　15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

　　16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

　　17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

　　18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea

　　19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

　　20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint

　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.

　　Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

　　Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:

teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?

Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.

　　Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

　　Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.

　　21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.

　　[A]isreceivingmorecriticism　　[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

　　[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses　[D]isgainingmorepreferences

　　22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents_____.

　　[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation

　　[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard

　　[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

　　[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

　　23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.

　　[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

　　[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

　　[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests

　　[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.

[A]itshouldbeeliminated　[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

　　[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers　[D]itisimportantforgrades

　　25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

　　[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

　　[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents

　　[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework　[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

　　Text2

　　Prettyinpink:

adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

　　Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:

intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

　　Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:

wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.

　　Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

　　26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"（Line3,Para.1）,theauthormeanspink______.

　　[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

　　[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

　　[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

　　[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

　　27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？

　　[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.

　　[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.

　　[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.

　　[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.

　　28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.

　　[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren

　　[B]theobservationofchildren'snature