射频识别RFID毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx
- 文档编号:27501246
- 上传时间:2023-07-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:27.88KB
射频识别RFID毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx
《射频识别RFID毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《射频识别RFID毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
射频识别RFID毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述
射频识别RFID
中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述
ShroudsofTime
ThehistoryofRFID
Introduction
Manythingsarehiddenintheshroudsoftime.Thetaskoftracinghistoryandgenealogyisarduousandchallenging,but,ultimately,rewarding.Ourpastcanopendoorstoourfuture.Whetherwerealizeitornot,RFID(radiofrequencyidentification)isanintegralpartofourlife.RFIDincreasesproductivityandconvenience.RFIDisusedforhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofapplicationssuchaspreventingtheftofautomobiles,collectingtollswithoutstopping,managingtraffic,gainingentrancetobuildings,automatingparking,controllingaccessofvehiclestogatedcommunities,corporatecampusesandairports,dispensinggoods,providingskiliftaccess,trackinglibrarybooks,buyinghamburgers,andthegrowingopportunitytotrackawealthofassetsinsupplychainmanagement.
OnecantracetheancestryofRFIDbacktothebeginningoftime.Scienceandreligionagreethatinthefirstfewmomentsofcreationtherewaselectromagneticenergy."AndGodsaid,'Lettherebelight,'andtherewaslight"(Genesis1).Beforelight,everythingwasformlessandempty.Beforeanythingelse,therewaselectromagneticenergy.
ScientificthinkingsummarizestheuniversewascreatedinaninstantwithaBigBang.Scientistsdeduceallthefourfundamentalforces-gravity,electromagnetism,andthestrongandweaknuclearforces-wereunified.Thefirstformintheuniversewaselectromagneticenergy.Duringthefirstfewsecondsorsooftheuniverse,protons,neutronsandelectronsbeganformationwhenphotons(thequantumelementofelectromagneticenergy)collidedconvertingenergyintomass.TheelectromagneticremnantoftheBigBangsurvivestodayasabackgroundmicrowavehiss.
Whyisthisimportant,youmightwonder?
ThisenergyisthesourceofRFID.Itwouldtakemorethan14billionyearsorsobeforewecamealong,discoveredhowtoharnesselectromagneticenergyintheradioregion,andtoapplythisknowledgetothedevelopmentofRFID.
TheChinesewereprobablythefirsttoobserveandusemagneticfieldsintheformoflodestonesinthefirstcenturyBC.Scientificunderstandingprogressedveryslowlyafterthatuntilaboutthe1600s.Fromthe1600sto1800swasanexplosionofobservationalknowledgeofelectricity,magnetismandopticsaccompaniedbyagrowingbaseofmathematicallyrelatedobservations.And,oneoftheearlyandwellknownpioneersofelectricityinthe18thCenturywasBenjaminFranklin.
The1800smarkedthebeginningofthefundamentalunderstandingofelectromagneticenergy.MichaelFaraday,anotedEnglishexperimentalist,proposedin1846thatbothlightandradiowavesarepartofelectromagneticenergy.In1864,JamesClerkMaxwell,aScottishphysicist,publishedhistheoryonelectromagneticfieldsandconcludedthatelectricandmagneticenergytravelintransversewavesthatpropagateataspeedequaltothatoflight.Soonafterin1887,HeinrichRudolfHertz,Germanphysicist,confirmedMaxwell'selectromagnetictheoryandproducedandstudiedelectromagneticwaves(radiowaves),whichheshowedarelongtransversewavesthattravelatthespeedoflightandcanbereflected,refracted,andpolarizedlikelight.Hertziscreditedasthefirsttotransmitandreceiveradiowaves,andhisdemonstrationswerefollowedquicklybyAleksandrPopovinRussia.
In1896,GuglielmoMarconidemonstratedthesuccessfultransmissionofradiotelegraphyacrosstheAtlantic,andtheworldwouldneverbethesame.TheradiowavesofHertz,PopovandMarconiweremadebysparkgapwhichweresuitedfortelegraphyordotsanddashes.
20thCentury
In1906,ErnstF.W.Alexandersondemonstratedthefirstcontinuouswave(CW)radiogenerationandtransmissionofradiosignals.Thisachievementsignalsthebeginningofmodernradiocommunication,whereallaspectsofradiowavesarecontrolled.
Intheearly20thcentury,approximately1922,wasconsideredthebirthofradar.TheworkinradarduringWorldWarIIwasassignificantatechnicaldevelopmentastheManhattanProjectatLosAlamosScientificLaboratory,andwascriticaltothesuccessoftheAllies.Radarsendsoutradiowavesfordetectingand
locatinganobjectbythereflectionoftheradiowaves.Thisreflectioncandeterminethepositionandspeedofanobject.Radar'ssignificancewasquicklyunderstoodbythemilitary,somanyoftheearlydevelopmentswereshroudedinsecrecy.
SinceRFIDisthecombinationofradiobroadcasttechnologyandradar,itisnotunexpectedthattheconvergenceofthesetworadiodisciplinesandthethoughtsofRFIDoccurredontheheelsofthedevelopmentofradar.
GenesisofanIdea
Thereisanoldadagethatsuccesshasmanyfathersbutfailureisanorphan.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyismessy.Thepotentialforaninfinitenumberofthingsispresent,yetthebroaderhumanchoicesdeterminehowtechnologyevolves.There'snoclear,textbookperfect,orlogicalprogression,andoftendevelopmentsaheadoftheirtimearenotrecognizeduntillater,ifever.SoitwaswiththedevelopmentofRFID.
Anearly,ifnotthefirst,workexploringRFIDisthelandmarkpaperbyHarryStockman,"CommunicationbyMeansofReflectedPower",ProceedingsoftheIRE,pp1196-1204,October1948.Stockmanstatedthenthat"Evidently,considerableresearchanddevelopmentworkhastobedonebeforetheremainingbasicproblemsinreflected-powercommunicationaresolved,andbeforethefieldofusefulapplicationsisexplored."
ThirtyyearswouldpassbeforeHarry'svisionwouldbegintoreachfruition.Otherdevelopmentswereneeded:
thetransistor,theintegratedcircuit,themicroprocessor,developmentofcommunicationnetworks,changesinwaysofdoingbusiness.Nosmalltask.Likemanythings,timingiseverything,andthesuccessofRFIDwouldhavetowaitawhile.
Alothashappenedinthe53yearssinceHarryStockman'swork.The1950swereaneraofexplorationofRFIDtechniquesfollowingtechnicaldevelopmentsinradioandradarinthe1930sand1940s.SeveraltechnologiesrelatedtoRFIDwerebeingexploredsuchasthelong-rangetranspondersystemsof"identification,friendorfoe"(IFF)foraircraft.Developmentsofthe1950sincludesuchworksasF.L.Vernon's,"Applicationofthemicrowavehomodyne",andD.B.Harris’,"Radiotransmissionsystemswithmodulatablepassiveresponder".ThewheelsofRFIDdevelopmentwereturning.
The1960'sthroughthe1980s:
RFIDBecomesReality
The1960swerethepreludetotheRFIDexplosionofthe1970s.R.F.HarringtonstudiedtheelectromagnetictheoryrelatedtoRFIDinhispapers"Fieldmeasurementsusingactivescatterers"and"Theoryofloadedscatterers"in1963-1964.InventorswerebusywithRFIDrelatedinventionssuchasRobertRichardson's"Remotelyactivatedradiofrequencypowereddevices"in1963,OttoRittenback's"Communicationbyradarbeams"in1969,J.H.Vogelman's"Passivedatatransmissiontechniquesutilizingradarbeams"in1968andJ.P.Vinding's"Interrogator-responderidentificationsystem"in1967.
Commercialactivitieswerebeginninginthe1960s.SensormaticandCheckpointwerefoundedinthelate1960s.Thesecompanies,withotherssuchasKnogo,developedelectronicarticlesurveillance(EAS)equipmenttocountertheft.Thesetypesofsystemsareoftenuse‘1-bit’tags–onlythepresenceorabsenceofatagcouldbedetected,butthetagscouldbemadeinexpensivelyandprovidedeffectiveanti-theftmeasures.Thesetypesofsystemsusedeithermicrowaveorinductivetechnology.EASisarguablythefirstandmostwidespreadcommercialuseofRFID.
Inthe1970sdevelopers,inventors,companies,academicinstitutions,andgovernmentlaboratorieswereactivelyworkingonRFID,andnotableadvanceswerebeingrealizedatresearchlaboratoriesandacademicinstitutionssuchasLosAlamosScientificLaboratory,NorthwesternUniversity,andtheMicrowaveInstituteFoundationinSwedenamongothers.AnearlyandimportantdevelopmentwastheLosAlamosworkthatwaspresentedbyAlfredKoelle,StevenDeppandRobertFreyman"Short-rangeradio-telemetryforelectronicidentificationusingmodulatedbackscatter"in1975.
LargecompanieswerealsodevelopingRFIDtechnology,suchasRaytheon's"Raytag"in1973.RCAandFairchildwereactiveintheirpursuitswithRichardKlenschofRCAdevelopingan"Electronicidentificationsystem"in1975andF.SterzerofRCAdevelopingan"Electroniclicenseplateformotorvehicles"in1977.ThomasMeyersandAshleyLeighofFairchildalsodevelopeda"Passiveencodingmicrowavetransponder"in1978.
ThePortAuthorityofNewYorkandNewJerseywerealsotestingsystemsbuiltbyGeneralElectric,Westinghouse,PhilipsandGlenayre.Resultswerefavorable,butthefirstcommerciallysuccessfultransportationapplicationofRFID,electronictollcollection,wasnotyetreadyforprimetime.
The1970'swerecharacterizedprimarilybydevelopmentalwork.Intendedapplicationswereforanimaltracking,vehicletracking,andfactoryautomation.ExamplesofanimaltaggingeffortswerethemicrowavesystemsatLosAlamosandtheinductivesystemsinEurope.InterestinanimaltaggingwashighinEurope.AlfaLaval,Nedap,andothersweredevelopingRFIDsystems.
TransportationeffortsincludedworkatLosAlamosandbytheInternationalBridgeTurnpikeandTunnelAssociation(IBTTA)andtheUnitedStatesFederalHighwayAdministration.Thelattertwosponsoredaconferencein1973whichconcludedtherewasnonationalinterestindevelopingastandardforelectronicvehicleidentification.Thisisanimportantdecisionsinceitwouldpermitavarietyofsystemstodevelop,whichwasgood,becauseRFIDtechnologywasinitsinfancy.
Aboutthisti
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 射频 识别 RFID 毕业论文 中英文 资料 对照 外文 翻译 文献 综述