托福阶段测试初级段 嘉庚10.docx
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托福阶段测试初级段 嘉庚10.docx
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托福阶段测试初级段嘉庚10
AT阶段测试初级段嘉庚1.0
AbsuloteToefl初级段听力测试部分
Listentotheconversation1,thenanswerthequestions1-5:
Conversation1【音频“听1”】
1:
Whydoesthewomencometotheoffice?
A.Tonotifytheuniversityofherchangeofaddress
B.Tofindoutwhereherphysicsclassisbeingheld
C.Togetdirectionstothesciencebuilding
D.Tocomplainaboutherphysicsclassbeingcanceled
2:
Whathappenedtothelettertheuniversitysenttothewoman?
A.Shethrewitawaybymistake
B.Herroommateforgottogiveittoher
C.Itwassenttoheroldmailingaddress
D.Itwassenttoanotherstudentbymistake
3:
Whywasthewoman’sphysicsclasscanceled?
A.Notenoughstudentssigneduptotaketheclass
B.Noprofessorswereavailabletoteachtheclass
C.Theuniversitychangeditsrequirementsforphysicsstudents
D.Therewerenoclassroomsavailableinthesciencebuildingatthehour
4:
Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandobeforethebeginningofnextsemester?
A.Consultwithheradvisoraboutherclassschedule
B.Checkwiththeregistrar’sofficeaboutthelocationoftheclass
C.Registerforherclassesearly
D.Callthephysicsdepartment
5:
Whatdoesthemanimplywhenhesaysthis:
【音频“重听题1”】
A.Heknowsthephysicsclasshasbeencanceled
B.Heisnotsurewherethesciencebuildingis
C.Manyoftheroomassignmentshavebeenchanged
D.Thewomencancheckforherselfwhereherclassis
Listentotheconversation2,thenanswerthequestions6-10:
Conversation2【音频“听2”】
6.Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?
A.Toreportontheresearchhehasdone
B.Toaskforpermissiontoobserveaclass
C.Togethelpunderstandinganassignment
D.Toaskaboutaquestiononarecenttest
7.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatshouldthestudentdoaftercompletingthefirstobservation?
A.Lookforanotherchildtoobserve
B.Researchthechild’sdevelopmentalstage
C.Reporthisprogresstotheclass
D.Submitthenoteshetookduringtheobservation
8.Whydoesthestudentmentionachildplayingwithatoycar?
A.Toidentifyabehaviorthatwouldshowachild’simaginationdeveloping
B.Toidentifyabehaviorthatmightillustrateegocentricthinking
C.Togiveanexampleofabehaviorhehasobserved
D.Togiveanexampleofabehaviorhewouldnotneedtodescribe
9.Whyshouldthestudentcontacttheeducationdepartmentsecretary?
A.Herchildattendsaschoolrunbytheuniversity.
B.Shehasalistoffamiliesthatmightbeabletohelptheman.
C.Shecancontactstudentswhohaveworkedonasimilarproject.
D.Shewillexplainhowtoobserveaclasswithoutdisturbingit.
10.Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.
Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenshesaysthis:
【音频“重听题2”】
A.Theman’spaperhasastrongintroduction.
B.Themanhasalreadystartedhisresearchproject.
C.Theassignmentcannotbesubmittedlate.
D.Themandoesnotfullyunderstandassignment.
AbsoluteToefl初级段阅读测试部分
ReadingDirections
InthispartoftheReadingsection.youwillread1passages.Inthetestyouwillhave20minutestoreadthepassageandanswerthequestions.
Mostquestionsareworth1pointbutthelastquestioninthissetisworthmorethan1point.Thedirectionsindicatehowmanypointsyoumayreceive.
TheOriginsofCetaceans
Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans—whales,porpoises,anddolphins—aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofafluke1andblowhole2cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?
Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.
Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficiallynamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.
Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.
AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.
Anevenmoreexcitingfindwasreportedin1994,alsofromPakistan.ThenowextinctwhaleAmbulocetusnatans("thewalkingwhalethatswam")livedintheTethysSea49millionyearsago.Itlivedaround3millionyearsafterPakicetusbut9millionbeforeBasilosaurus.Thefossilluckilyincludesagoodportionofthehindlegs.Thelegswerestrongandendedinlongfeetverymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped.Thelegswerecertainlyfunctionalbothonlandandatsea.Thewhaleretainedatailandlackedafluke,themajormeansoflocomotioninmoderncetaceans.Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.Thelargehindlegswereusedforpropulsioninwater.Onland,whereitprobablybredandgavebirth,Ambulocetusmayhavemovedaroundverymuchlikeamodernsealion.Itwasundoubtedlyawhalethatlinkedlifeonlandwithlifeatsea
1.Fluke:
thetwopartsthatconstitutethelargetriangulartailofawhale
2.Blowhole:
aholeinthetopoftheheadusedforbreathing
【Paragraph1】Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans—whales,porpoises,anddolphins—aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofafluke1andblowhole2cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?
Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.
1.Inparagraph1,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepresenceofablowholeincetaceans?
○Itclearlyindicatesthatcetaceansaremammals.
○Itcannotconcealthefactthatcetaceansaremammals.
○Itisthemaindifferencebetweencetaceansandland-dwellingmammals.
○Itcannotyieldcluesabouttheoriginsofcetaceans.
2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?
○Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.
○Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.
○Theylivedintheseaonly.
○Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.
【Paragraph3】Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.
3.Theword“precious”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
○exact
○scarce
○valuable
○initial
4.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar
○hearingstructures
○adaptationsfordiving
○skullshapes
○breedinglocations
5.Theword“It”inthepassagerefersto
○Pakicetus
○fish
○life
○ocean
【Paragraph4】AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftby
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