高三英语复习虚拟语气.docx
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高三英语复习虚拟语气.docx
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高三英语复习虚拟语气
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的重点是:
一、if条件句虚拟语气
1.结构
1)Ifplaces______alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.
A.being B.are C.be D.were
2)IfI_____themeaningoftheword,Iwouldn'thavetolookitup.
A.know B.knew C.known D.knowing
与现在事实相反的假设
a)IfIwereinyourposition,Iwouldaccepttheiroffer.
b)IfJohnhadenoughmoney,hecouldgooutoftheU.S.
c)IfJohncameherenow,hewouldhelpme.
Iftheyhadbeenhere,hewouldhavebeenspeakingtothem.
Ifshewerestayingherenow,Iwouldletherridemyhorse.
a)如果我处于你的位置,我就接受他们的建议。
b)如果约翰有足够的钱,他就会离开美国。
c)如果约翰到这儿来,他就会帮助我
与过去事实相反的假设
a)IfIhadknownyouraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.
b)IfI'dhadanysense,Iwouldhavekeptquietaboutit.
c)Ifshehadbeentherethatnight,shemighthavebeeninjured.
a)假如我知道你的地址,我早就写信给你了。
b)如果当时我有点理智的话,我就会对这事保持沉默。
c)要是她那天晚上在场的话,她也许就受伤了。
对将来不可能实现、或实现可能性很小的假设
a)Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldfollowyou.
b)Ifheshouldcometomorrow,wewouldbegreatlysurprised.
c)IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.
a)假如太阳从西边升起,我就听你的。
b)要是他明天来了,我们会大感惊讶。
c)要是有一天我上了月球,我就能看看月球的表面是什么样子。
2.倒装
关于倒装句式:
在非真实条件句中,如果条件句中有助动词be,had,should等,连接词if可以省略,如:
1)ShouldIcomelatetomorrow,youcouldasksomeoneelsetotakemyplace.
2)Shouldanythinggowrongwiththisdevice,youshouldgoandcheckwiththelocaldealer.
3)Hadyoubeenhereaminutelate,youwouldhavecaughthimcheatinginthetest.
4)Hadweaskedhimasecondtime,wewouldsurehavehadhisadvice.
5)WereItoattendthemeetinginShanghai,Iwouldflytheretomorrow.
6)Weretheyinourplace,theywouldhaveatotallydifferentopinionofthesituation.
1)Thewholeschoolwouldnothavehadthatsillyideaofthesocalledinventionhadtheynoticedthedateoftheinventionissued:
April1st.
2)IwouldhavetakenwhatyousaidforgrantedhadInotbeentotheplacemyself.
3)YouwouldgetdoublepaidwereItoaskyouforadditionalservice.
4)Wewouldcancelthetripweretheweathertoberainy.
5)Goandcheckwiththelocaldealershouldtherecordernotworkproperly.
6)Iwouldhavetochangemyplanshouldanythingwronghappens.
3.错综时间条件句
有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间,这时需要用混合虚拟语气。
一般来说,在这种情况下,主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同,所以我们又可以错综时间条件句,在这种虚拟情况,动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用,在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语:
时间状语。
绝大多数情况下,从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语,这是我解题的关键。
Ifyouthatmovielatelastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.
A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatch
C.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched答案选C。
Manydeadwouldnowbealiveiftheyhadnotattemptedtoreturnforsomething.
HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.
Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbeoknow.
Iftheyhadstartedtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.
IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight.
Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodothe
experimentnextweek.
Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.
Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.
IfwehadhadmoreraininJune,wewouldhaveabetterharvestnow.
IfIhadtakenmyadvice,hewouldbeascientistnow.
如果你昨天吃了药,你的病今天也许会好的.
如果六月份雨水多的话,我们现在也许会有好一点的收成.
如果当时他听了我的劝告,现在他应该是个科学家了.
4.含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。
但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。
常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:
(1)介词或介词短语,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition,intheabsenceof等。
Withoutair,nothingcouldlive.
Butforyourassistance,wecouldnotaccomplishit.
Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.
__theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappydaytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappydaytoday.
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor答案选B。
Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.
(2)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等类似转折词。
Iwouldhavelentyousomemoney,butIhappenednottotakeanywithme.
Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe__________him.
A.wouldhavetelephoned B.wouldtelephone
C.musthavetelephoned D.hadtelephoned
(3)形容词及其比较级
Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes.
Alessconscientiousmanwouldn’thavetriedsohardtogetthisjobdone.
(4)分词短语
Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.
Borntendaysearlier,theboycouldhaveseenhislatefather.
(5)名词短语和名词+and结构
Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide.
Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder.
Tenminutesearlierandwewouldhavecaughtthebus.
(6)定语从句
Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame.
Anation,whichstoppedworking,wouldbedeadinafortnight.
(7)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气:
Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.
Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.
二、其它结构虚拟语气
1.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:
过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:
would,could,might+动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:
had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath;IwishIhadnotgonetoit.
---“IletJoeborrowourradiofortheafternoon.”
---“That’sallright,butIwishhewouldbuyoneofhisown.”
Iwishthatheweren’tsolazy.
Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.
IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtime.
Iwishyouwouldappreciatemywork.
Iwishyouhadcalledearlier.
Iwishshewouldchangehermind.
Hewillwishwewouldjoinhimthefollowingweek.
IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A
A.couldhaveslept B.slept C.mighthaveslept D.haveslept
特殊形式的虚拟语气
虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有:
ask要求、advise建议、arrange安排、beg请求、command命令、decide决定、demand要求、desire渴望、determine决定、insist坚持、intend打算、maintain坚持主张、move建议,动员、propose提议、object反对、order命令、prefer建议、require需要、request要求、resolve下决心、recommend推荐、suggest建议、stipulate约定,规定、urge强调,促进、vote公认,提议、decree颁布(法令)、vote、pray请求。
注意:
这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者todo…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。
Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegatelocked.(书面体)
Sheadvisedustokeepthegatelocked.(口语)
Sheadvisedkeepingthegatelocked.(较随便)
Congresshasvotedthatthepresentlawbemaintained.
Isuggestthatwe(should可省略,下同)startthemeetingatonce.
Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.
Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans.
Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.
Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.
Westronglysuggestedthatthemeetingbeputofftillthenextday.
Theofficerorderedthatthespybekilledrightaway.
Mr.Smithproposedthatpeoplefrombothcompaniesgatherfornewideas.
Iwillsuggesttotheschoolboardthatabasketballteambesetupsoon.
这些动词中,有一些动词是多义词,如suggest可表示“建议”也可表示“暗示、表明”,insist可以表示“坚持、要求”也可以表示“坚持认为、坚持表白”,decide(makeupone'smind)可表示“决定”也可以表示“认定、断定”,ask可表示“要求”也可以表示“闻讯”等等,只有当以上动词用作祈使意义的时候,受其限定的宾语从句的谓语才使用be式虚拟。
例如:
1)Theprincipalsuggestedthatthevacationbecutshorttotwodays.
2)Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfied.
3)MybrotherinsistedthatIgiveawaymyrightstohavemyfather'shouse.
4)ThebooksellerinsistedthatIstolehisbook,butIdidn't.
5)Thepresidentdecidedthatthetripbecancelled.
6)Thepolicedecidedthattheoldmanwasthemurderer.
7)Isincerelyaskthatyouallattendthemeetingtomorrow.
8)MissSmithaskedifIwasinterestedinherboat.
B、用于Itis+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有:
advisable合理的、decided决定的、crucial关键的、urgent紧迫的、necessary必要的、vital极其重要的、possible可能的、strange奇怪的、preferable(好一点)、keen渴望的、incredible难以置信的、adamant坚定不移的、natural自然的、probable(可能的)、appropriate恰当的、natural(自然的)、preferable(更可取的)、essential紧要的,基本的、complied遵照、anxious焦急的、imperative迫切的、important重要的、desirable合意的、better较好的,更好、insistent坚持的、desired想要、asked请求、insisted坚持、suggested建议、ordered命令、shocked震惊的、proposed提议、requested要求的、determined决定的、commanded命令的、arranged安排的、required要求的、recommended推荐、resolved决定的、pity可惜,憾事、shame遗憾、
注意:
这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以for…todo…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。
前面提到了be式虚拟用于宾语从句,宾语从句只是名词性从句的一种。
下面请看几个表语从句中使用be式虚拟的情况:
1)MyideaisthatwebeginthepartywithawarmwelcometoMr.Black.
2)Theirproposalwasthatwestartoutonehourearlier.
3)Westucktotheoriginalplanthatwehaveameetingbeforetakingactions.
4)Hisrequestwasthatwehelptheoldladywithherdailyshopping.
5)Myadviceisthatyoushouldnotcomebacktothisplaceagain.
6)Whatherecommendedwasthatwegiveitupcompletely.
7)Whatyoushouldsuggesttoheristhatsheshouldgoandseeadecentdoctor.
(注意,第7句话中的第一个should不能省略掉,第二个能。
)
1)Itisimportantthatyoucomeanddeliverthespeechtomorrow.
2)Itisnecessarythatweletnoneofusfallbehind.
3)ItisessentialthatMr.Licometohelpuswiththenewtask.
4)Itisonlynaturalthatyoupayyourrespecttoyourcolleagues(同事).
5)Itisstrangethatyoushouldknowaboutthewholething.
6)ItwasstrangethatTomshouldhavestolenhisfather'smoney.
7)Itwasabigshamethatyoushouldhavespokentomelikethat.
8)ItwasapitythatLindashouldbesocarelessinthetest.
9)ItisnowonderthatMr.Smithshouldbesocalmaboutthenewplan.
10)Nowonderyoushouldbesopatientaboutit.
11)Itisessentialthatheshouldbeprepared
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