国际贸易双语教程英文版.docx
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国际贸易双语教程英文版.docx
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国际贸易双语教程英文版
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Unit1Abriefintroductiontointernationaltrade
Key
I.Answermyquestions
1.Internationaltradeisbusinesswhoseactivitiesinvolvethecrossingofnationalborders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalsoencompassesthegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation,tourism,banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,andmasscommunications.Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusinessrelationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.
2.Salesexpansion,resourceacquisitionanddiversificationofsalesandsupplies.
3.Togainprofit.
4.Toseekoutforeignmarketsandprocurement.
5.Therearefourmajorformsasfollows:
MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,Investment,andMultinationalEnterprise.
6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternationaleconomicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenation(eg.theUnitedStates)andtherestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.
7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.
8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.
1)directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusuallymeanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsatgainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftengethigherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.
2)Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarilyforfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefundsfromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.
9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC(themultinationalcorporation)andTNC(transnationalcorporation).
10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.
11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandtheenvironmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.
12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sproductsandservicesandbycustomers’capacitytomakepurchase.
一三.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperationsusuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.
14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfortrademarkspatens,xs,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencingagreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidfranchising.
一五.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty(thefranchiser)theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers’business.
IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright
1.J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F10.H
IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese
1购买力11经济复苏;恢复
2潜在销售量12经济衰退
3加价,涨价一三间接投资
4国内市场14有形货物
5制成品一五有形进出口
6边际利润16收入及支出;岁入及岁出
7市场占有率17超额能力
8贸易歧视一八贸易中间人(商);经纪人
9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式
10经销周期20许可证协定
IVCaseStudy
1[Answer]:
Batteriescalled"whiteelephant"exportedfromChinawereverypopularinSoutheastAsia,because"whiteelephant"wasaluckythinginSoutheastAsia,butnoonewasinterestedinitinthemarketofEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Thebossofthecompanywasverystrangethatthequalityofthebatteryorthepriceofreasons,soheaskedhisstafftoinvestigate.Finallyhefoundthatisthebrand"whiteelephant"tobeblame.Thebrand'snametranslatedintoEnglishwas"whiteelephant"whichmeantsomethingwerenousebutcumbersomeinWesterncountries.Itwasreallyabadtranslationfromcultureinformationperspective.Themeaningderivedfromalegend.Accordingtothelegend,therewasakingwhohatedaminister,sohegaveawhiteelephanttotheministerforpunishment.Theministerhastotakecareofthewhiteelephant,hecouldn'tgiveittoothersorkillitbecauseit'sthekinggaveittohim.However,theappetiteofthewhiteelephantwassogreat,andtheministerbecamepoorer.Soitshowedpeopleinwesterncountrieswouldnotbuythebatteryfortheconsumershavenowillingtobuysomethinguselessbutcumbersome.
V.Open
VI.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish
1.Tradeisoftenthe‘engine’ofgrowth.Howeveroversimplifiedthismetaphormaybe,itdoesservetounderlinetheimportanceofforeigntradeintheprocessofgrowth.Ahealthyexpansionofexportsmaynotalwaysbesufficientconditionforrapidandsustainedgrowth,butastrongpositiveassociationbetweenthetwoisclearlyundeniable.Tradeexpansioncontributestoeconomicgrowthinmanyways.Amongthemarethebenefitsofspecialization;thefavorableeffectsofinternationalcompetitionondomesticeconomicefficiency;theincreasedcapacitytopayfortheimportsrequiredindevelopmentandmoregenerallythestimulustoinvestment.
2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.Inadditiontovisibletrade,whichinvolvestheimportandexportofgoodsandmerchandise,thereisalsoinvisibletrade,whichinvolvestheexchangeofservicesbetweennations.NationssuchasGreeceandNorwayhavelargemaritimefleetsandprovidetransportationservice.Thisisakindofinvisibletrade.Invisibletradecanbeasimportanttosomenationsastheexportofrawmaterialsorcommoditiesistoothers.Inbothcases,thenationsearnthemoneytobuynecessities.
3.Thereexistdifferentwaysofconductinginternationalbusiness.Exclusivesalemeansthesellergivestheoverseasclienttheexclusiverightofsellingaparticularproductinadesignatedareawithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.Inthiskindofbusinesstransaction,theproductisboughtbytheexclusivesellerandthereforeheshouldselltheproductbyhimself,assumingsoleresponsibilitiesforhisprofitandloss.Exclusivesaleisdifferentfromagencywhereonlycommissionisinvolved.Anddifferenceexistsbetweengeneralcontractandexclusivesalesbecausetheexclusivesellerenjoysexclusiverightinaparticulararea.
4.Thereisnocountryintheworldthatcanproducealltheproductsitneeds.Thuscountriesjoinininternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionandreproduction.Sometimesacountrycanbuygoodsandservicesfromabroadonabarterbasis.Bartermeansdoingbusinessbyexchanginggoodsofonesortforgoodsofanothersortwithoutusingmoney.Bartertradeitselfisnotenoughtomeatacountry’simportneeds.Butasaformofinternationaltrade,itisstillattractiveindevelopingcountrieswhereforeignexchangeisinshortsupplyandinflowofforeignfundsisfarfromsufficienttomeettheirobligationsinexternaltrade.
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