my issue.docx
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my issue.docx
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myissue
"Thestudyofhistoryplacestoomuchemphasisonindividuals.Themostsignificanteventsandtrendsinhistoryweremadepossiblenotbythefamousfew,butbygroupsofpeoplewhoseidentitieshavelongbeenforgotten."
48因果类:
论:
题目中判断似是而非
正:
任何历史时间总是有其特定的背景,源于方方面面的原因,很难想象所有的重大历史事件仅仅是由某个人或者某几个人完成的。
团结有力量,烈士,工程的完成,Manhattanproject
反:
即使成立,结论也推不出,历史是偶然和必然因素共同作用的结果,都起作用,但由关键人物使历史得以展开、其二,历史承认大众的作用,但历史很难完整记载大众的作用,而让人民群众记住就更难,历史记载个人是为了便于叙述。
三,都不应该忽略,理解研究的重点的原因。
(1)General:
Therearebothcorrectideaandfallacyinthisassertion.Balancingtheindividuals'effectsonhistoryagainstthoseofpeopleingroupscompletelyandrationally,itiseasytofindthereasonwhyhistoricalstudypaysmoreattentiononindividuals.
(2)Positive:
Generallyspeaking,almosteverysignificanteventortrendwasbasedoncertainhistoricalbackgroundandcausedbyfactorsinmanyaspects.Admittedly,afewgreatscientificinventionsordiscoverieswereattributedtosinglescientistsorphilosophers.However,hardlycanweimaginethateventsandtrendswithremarkableinfluenceinhistorywereallmadepossiblebymerelyone,orafew,person.
(3)Negative:
Manifestlypeople'scontributionstoadvancesinhistoryshouldnotbeneglectedorforgotten.However,evenifthespeaker'sassumptionabouthistoriceventsandgroupsofpeoplewereaccepted,yetwecan'tconcludethatthestudyofhistoryemphasizeindividualstoomuch.Thoughbothindividualsandgroupsofpeoplehaveitsirreplaceablepositiononthehistoricalstage,itistherecordsofindividualsthatgivetheplayaclearclueandmakeitmoreunderstandable.Additionally,inspiteofrecognizingthestatusinhistoryofpeopleingroups,thedifficultiesinrecordingthemmakehistoriansinclinedtowritesignificanteventsandremarkableindividuals.
(4)Sum:
Historiceventswereusuallymadepossiblebyeitherindividualsorgroupsofpeople,neitherofwhichshouldbeignored.Meanwhile,inordertomakehistoryeasiertorecordaswellastounderstand/morerecordableandcomprenhensible,researchonhistoryshouldputmoreemphasisonindividualsthanongroupsofpeople.
"Inordertoimprovethequalityofinstructionatthecollegeanduniversitylevel,allfacultyshouldberequiredtospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach."
50:
建议类
一:
正面:
将课本与工作结合对某些学科有利
二:
反面
可行性不够高,因为有些科目本身理论,难有实际
(反推)如果联系,对某些学科是无效的,而且会浪费人力物力(不成立)
很多方法可以提高教学质量,更高效可行
Position:
Connectingthecoursesoncollegtiatecampuswithactualprofessionalskillsisnotalwaysthenecessaryconditionforimprovingtheteachingquality.
(1)Workshopexperiencecanreallyenrichsubjectsinclassroom.Thisisreallytrueforsuchsubjectsasengineering,machinerymanufacturing,economics,andsoforth.
(2)Butsuchcasesbynomeansindicatethatbridgingworkshopsandclassroomscanalwaysworkmagic.Infact,forsomesubjects,theoreticalphysicsandsomemathematicalresearches,forexample,itisneithernecessarynorpossibleforresearchersintheseareastodirectlyapplytheirknowledgetopracticalwork.Thesesciencesseemonlytoperformwellwithinthebraincells.
(3)Asformethodscontributingtotheteachingquality,theyincludemanyapartfromsharingworkshopexperience,suchasthelong-termacademicaccumulation,thesufficientteachingfacilities,thefreeandtolerantacademicatmosphere,thegood-timingbirthofgeniuses,etc.
"Howchildrenaresocializedtodaydeterminesthedestinyofsociety.Unfortunately,wehavenotyetlearnedhowtoraisechildrenwhocanhelpbringaboutabettersociety."
130.事实类
论点:
孩子们是否被良好的社会化取决于不同的时代背景,大可不必担心
求正:
比起以前的孩子,现在的孩子交际确实少了,这也一定程度上影响了他们的一些品质如同情心、合作意识和竞争意识社会责任感等。
孤立的生活带来的负面影响引起了很多不良心理社会效应。
求反:
社会化这一概念在不同的时代背景下有着不同的定义,现今的科技通讯条件以及文化认可度决定了这一现象,也带了很多好处,如怪才的诞生,个性的张扬等。
存在总是适应环境的,因此不能草率地说没教好孩子。
而且也不能草率的认为社会会因此变差。
时间会告诉一切。
再求反:
同时社会的命运由多方面决定的,孩子的社会化只是一个方面,不可一概而谈。
总:
社会和意识是相互依存的,孩子们是否被良好社会化这一标准也需要与时俱进。
Outline:
Position:
Whetherchildrenareadequatelysocializeddependsonthesocietytheyareinandcertainbackground.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutthedestinyofoursociety.
Positive:
Inrecentdays,childrenaremoreindependentandlesssocializedthantheirparents,whichindeedbringforthsomeproblems,suchasthedeficiencyofsympathy,decreasingdesiretobeartheirsocialresponsibilitiesandlackofsensetocooperatewithothers.Withoutthesegoodcharacters,childrenmayhavetobefacedwithsometoughcircumstancesandexperiencewhentheygrowup.
Negative:
"Socialized"hasitsdifferentdefinitionindifferentsociety.Therapidlyadvancingtechnology,especiallytheelectronicmanufacturingandnetwork,determinestheinevitabilityofthiskindofphenomenon.What'smore,thisphenomenonalsobringsomeadvantagesinspiteofdisadvantages.Wecan'thastilyconsiderthelesssocializedchildrenasaresultoffailededucation.Timewilltellustheprosandconsinit.
Negativeagain:
Evenifthethestatementthat"..."isacceptable,yetwecannotconcludethatbadlysocializedchildrenwilldestroyoursociety'sfuture.Apparentlythereisnoonesingleaspectthatcanwhollydeterminethedevelopmentofsocietyalone.
Summary:
Perspectivesvariesunderdifferentsocialbackgrounds,thequestionwhetherchildrenarewell-socializedis/withnoexception.
"Thewaypeoplelook,dress,andactrevealstheirattitudesandinterests.Youcantellmuchaboutasociety'sideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviourofitspeople."
208因果类:
论点:
题目的判断过于表面化
正:
有时可以判断,一外表:
嬉皮士,书虫,二行为:
悲伤的朋友,举止的人——内外在的联系使然。
反:
很多时候不能主观判断:
衣冠禽兽,得道高人
反:
即使可以判断,人们的态度和兴趣也不能完全反映社会的价值观,也很难去界定
Position:
Thespeaker'sassertionwasabitsuperficial.People'sattitudesandinterestsdonotrestonthewaythelook,dressoractatalltime.Similarly,itis,attimes,ungroundedtojudgeasociety'sideasandvaluesontheappearanceandbehaviourofitspeople.
Positive:
Allhasbeensaidnotwithstanding,itisreallytruethatsometimespeople'soutwardcharactersandconductcan,tosomeextent,revealtheirpersonalattitudesandinterests.First,undercertaincircumstancespeople'sidentitiescanbeconcludedfromtheirspecificdressorlook.Apparently,youngsterswithtattoos,deepeyeshadowsandcoloredhairstendtobehippies.Andmoststudentswithheavyglassesarelikelytobebookwormsandmayhavemoreenthusiasmforstudying.Second,manytimeswecanreadaperson'smindbyhis/herefaceoract.Forexample,onceyourfriendwhohadalwaysbeenlivelyandhappystaysilentforawholeday,he/hermaygetupsetinside.Equally,deviantbehaviourwilltellusthatsomethingstrikingorawfulmayhavehappenedtooneperson.Thesemethodsofanalysingpeople'smindsandattitudeshavebeenexistingforalongperiodinhumanhistory.Thefactthathuman-beingareadvancedcreaturewithcomplexemotionsdeterminestheconsistency/consistentrelationshipbetween/ofaperson'soutsideactionandinsideemotion-withthepreconditionthathe/shedon'tconcealhis/hersensibilityonpurpose.
Negative:
However,ifpeoplecoveruptheirmindsdeliberatelyandpretendtobetheoppositeone,it'llbequiteatroublesomeworktoproperlyverdicttheirattitudeorinterests,evenforaexperienceddetective.Infact,asameansofprotectionorforspecificpurpose,coverhasbeenusedinhumansocietyforthousandsofyears.Inancienttimes,whenhunting,peoplewearfurofhuntedanimalsincasenottobefoundbytheirquarry.Inmodernbattlefield,soldiersaswellasweaponssuchastanksarepaintedgreenasaprotectivecolor.
Asidefromprotection,peoplealsohidetheirtrueideasdeepinsidetheirheartsforavarietyofreasons.Inthesecases,whatpeople'soutsidelookreflectmaycontradicttohisrealideacompletely.Forinstance,corruptionexistinalmosteverycornerofeverygovernment.Asforsomedeceptive/hypocriticalgovernmentofficerwhoaredresseduptolooklikehonestpeople,muchofthepromisesmadetopeoplearenothingbutliesandtricks.Furthermore,cheapclothesandoldcarsdonotsimplyindicatepovertyandreverselybigdiamondringdonotalwaysstandforwealth.Sometimespeoplewillbewell-dressedtocoveruptheirpovertybutmanyrichpeoplewhoarealsorichinconfidenceareveryaustere.
Moreover,assumingthatthewaypeoplelook,dress,andactcancertainlyrevealtheirattitudesandinterests,stillwecan'tcometotheconclusionthatonecantellthesociety'sspiritfromitspeople'sappearance.Comprehensiveanalysistellsusthattheideasandvaluesofasocietyliesinavarietyofaspects,suchastheformofgovernment,people'sreligionandfaith,conditionofeconomyandtechnology,theworldwidetrendofdevelopmentandsoforth.It'sbothsuperficialandunwarrantedtojudgeasociety'sideasandvaluesmerelybythewayitspeopledressandbehave.
Ashasbeensaid,inordertogettoknowaperson'smindorasociety'sidea,asuperficialexaminationoftheoutsideappearanceisfarfromenough.ComplicatedinsideasIndividualsandsocietiesare,it'shardtodefinethemadequately.
"Thestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevanttoourdailylives."
103事实类
正:
历史的价值是多方面的,通过历史研究,人们可以学习(古代思想),反省(战争,环境,楼兰),鉴赏(建筑,艺术)
反:
历史的价值有些是直观,如政治发展,战争,文化变迁:
资本的发展,二战的反省,佛教的发展,但在这些里面很多跟人们的日常生活并无联系
即使跟日常生活有联系,往往也是过去的事情,历史很难重演,科技进步决定了过去仅仅是过去:
古代的穿着,饮食,社交。
研究这些的意义仅仅是为了人类对自己的一种认识,是一种文化的积淀,其价值是隐含的(connotative)。
更多的时候,很多历史研究跟现代一点都不沾边,是为了满足人类的求知欲和好奇心,如木乃伊,金字塔,甚至是一些宫廷纷争
"Studentsshouldbringacertainskepticismtowhatevertheystudy.Theyshouldquestionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively."
153.建议类
论点:
怀疑(skeptical)是重要的,也要学会接受(acceptance)
正:
从人类文明的角度:
人类文明的进步源自(originate/stemfrom)怀疑(doubt/suspicious/disbelieve),对各种事物的认识(cognition)几乎都是在批判(criticize)接受再批判再接受中发展(progress)的,因为不同的观念(在不同阶段(background/age)有不同的认识,不同的适用性(applic
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