高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 89.docx
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 89.docx
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day89
高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day89
Passage1
AnenvironmentalgroupcalledtheFoodCommissionisunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofthesaleofbottledwaterfromJapan.Thewater,itangrilyarguesinpublic,hastraveled10,000“foodmiles”beforeitreachesWesterncustomers.“TransportingwaterhalfwayacrosstheworldissurelytheextremelystupiduseoffuelwhenthereisplentyofwaterintheUK.”Itisalsoworriedthatwearewastingourfuelbybuyingprawns(对虾)fromIndonesia(7,000foodmiles)andcarrotsfromSouthAfrica(5,900foodmiles).
Countingthenumberofmilestraveledbyaproductisastrangewayoftryingtotellthetruesituationoftheenvironmentaldamagedonebyanindustry.Mostfoodistransportedaroundtheworldoncontainershipsthatareextremelyenergy-efficient(高能效的).Itshouldbenotedthatatonofbuttertransported25milesinatrucktoafarmers'marketdoesnotnecessarilyuselessfuelonitsjourneythanasimilarproducttransportedhundredsofmilesbysea.Besides,theideaof“foodmiles”ignorestheamountoffuelusedintheproduction.ItispossibletocutdownyourfoodmilesbybuyingtomatoesgrowninBritainratherthanthosegrowninGhana;thedifferenceisthattheBritishoneswillhavebeenraisedinheatedgreenhousesandtheGhanaianonesintheopensun.
Whattheideaof“foodmiles”doesprovide,however,isthechancetocutoutThirdWorldcountriesfromFirstWorldfoodmarkets.Thenumberofmilestraveledbyourfoodshould,asIseeit,beregardedasasignofthesuccessoftheglobal(全球的)tradesystem,notasignofdamagetotheenvironment.
1.TheFoodCommissionisangrybecauseitthinksthat______.
A.UKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproducts
B.someimportedgoodscauseenvironmentaldamage
C.growingcertainvegetablesdamagestheenvironment
D.peoplewasteenergybuyingfoodfromothercountries
2.Thephrase“foodmiles”inthepassagereferstothedistance______.
A.thatafoodproducttravelstoamarket
B.thatafoodproducttravelsfromonemarkettoanother
C.betweenUKandotherfoodproducingcountries
D.betweenaThirdWorldcountryandaFirstWorldfoodmarket
3.BycomparingtomatoesraisedinBritainandinGhana,theauthortriestoexplainthat______.
A.BritishtomatoesarehealthierthanGhanaianones
B.GhanaiantomatoestastebetterthanBritishones
C.cuttingdownfoodmilesmaynotnecessarilysavefuel
D.protectingtheenvironmentmaycostalotofmoney
4.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorismostprobably______.
A.asupporteroffreeglobaltrade
B.amemberoftheFoodCommission
C.asupporterofFirstWorldfoodmarkets
D.amemberofanenergydevelopmentgroup
Passage2
YouareanewmanagerattheAmericanbranchofyourGermanfirminChicago.Withafewminutestosparebetweenmeetings,yougotogetaquickcupofcoffee.
"Hey,David,howareyou?
"oneoftheseniorpartnersatthefirmasksyou.
"Good,thankyou,Dr.Greer,"youreply.You'vereallybeenwantingtomakeaconnectionwiththeseniorleadershipatthefirm,andthisseemslikeagreatopportunity.Butasyoustarttothinkofsomethingtosay,yourAmericancolleaguebreaksintostealyourspotlight.
"SoArnold",yourcolleaguesaystoyourboss,insuchacasualmannerthatitmakesyourGermansoulcringe(畏缩),"Sowhat'syourSuperbowlprediction?
Imean,you'reaNinersfan,right?
"
Theconversationmoveson,andyouwalksilentlybacktoyourdeskwithyourcoffee.YouknowhowimportantsmalltalkisintheU.S.,andyoufeeljealousofpeoplewhocandoitwell.
There'snothingsmallabouttherolethatsmalltalkplaysinAmericanprofessionalculture.PeoplefromothercountriesareoftensurprisedathowimportantsmalltalkisintheU.S.andhownaturallyandcomfortablypeopleseemtodoit—withpeers,men,women,andevenwithsuperiors.Youcanbethemosttechnicallyskilledworkerintheworld,butyourabilitytoprogressinyourjobintheUnitedStatesishighlydependentonyourabilitytobuildandmaintainpositiverelationshipswithpeopleatwork.Andguesswhatskilliscriticalforbuildingandmaintainingtheserelationships?
Smalltalk.
WhatcanyoudoifyouarefromanothercultureandwanttolearntousesmalltalkintheU.S.tobuildrelationshipsandestablishtrust?
Workhardtohone(磨练)yourownversionofAmerican—stylesmalltalk.Watchhowothersdoit.Youdon'thavetoimitatewhattheydo;infact,thatwouldlikelybackfirebecausepeoplewouldseeyouasinauthentic.Butifyoucandevelopyourownpersonalversion,thatcangoalongwaytowardmakingyoufeelcomfortableandcompetent.
1.Theauthorintroducesthetopicofthepassageby________.
A.offeringaplot
B.describinganinterestingscene
C.makingcomparisons
D.tellingasmalljoke
2.WhatdoweknowaboutGermanpeople?
________
A.Theydon'tmakesomuchsmalltalk.
B.Theyhatemakingsmalltalk.
C.Theyusuallymakesmalltalkinworkbreaks.
D.Theyaregoodatmakingsmalltalktoo.
3.WhatmakespeoplefromothercountriessurprisedinAmericanprofessionalculture?
________
A.Americanworkers'abilitytomakeprogress.
B.Americanworkers'attitudetowardssuperiors.
C.Thespecialmeaningofsmalltalk.
D.Therolesmalltalkplaysinworksettings.
4.Whatdoes"backfire"underlinedinthelastparagraphmean?
________
A.haveawarmatmosphere
B.havetheoppositeeffect
C.haveagoodresult
D.haveahardtime
Passage3
Computersecurityisacontradictioninterms.Thearrivalofthe“InternetofThings”willseecomputersbakedintoeverythingfromroadsignsandMRIscannerstoartificialbodypartsandinsulin(胰岛素)pumps.Thereislittleevidencethatsuchequipmentwillbeanymoretrustworthythandesktopcomputers.Hackershavealreadyprovedthattheycantakeremotecontrolofconnectedcarsandpacemakers.
However,itistemptingtobelievethatthesecurityproblemcanbesolvedwithyetmoretechnicalwizardry(魔法)andacallforfurtherwatchfulness.Anditiscertainlytruethatmanyfirmsstillfailtotakesecurityseriouslyenough.Thatrequiresakindoflastinginsistencewhichdoesnotcomenaturallytonon-techfirms.Actually,thereisnowaytomakecomputerscompletelysafe.Softwareishugelycomplex.Acrossitsproducts,Googlemustmanagearound2billionlinesofsourcecode—errorsareunavoidable.Theaverageprogramhas14separatebugs,eachofthemapotentialpointofillegalentry.SuchweaknessesareworsenedbythehistoryoftheInternet,inwhichsecuritywasanafterthought.
Thisisnotnecessarilyindespair.Theriskfromcheats,caraccidentsandtheweathercanneverbeavoidedcompletelyeither.Butsocietieshavedevelopedwaysofmanagingsuchrisk—fromgovernmentregulationtotheuseoflegalliability(责任)andinsurancetocreatemoresaferbehaviours.
Startwithregulation.Governments’firstpriorityistocontrolfrommakingthesituationworse.Terroristattacksoftenbringcallsforcodestobeweakenedsothatthesecurityservicescanbettermonitorwhatindividualsareupto.Butitisimpossibletoweakencodesforterroristsalone.ThesameprotectionthatguardsmessagingprogramslikeWhatsAppalsoguardsbankbusinessandonlineidentities.Computersecurityisbestservedbyencodingthatisstrongforeveryone.
Thenextpriorityissettingbasicproductregulations.Alackofprofessionalknowledgewillalwaysblocktheabilityofcomputeruserstoprotectthemselves.Sogovernmentsshouldpromote“publichealth”forcomputing.Theycouldinsistthatinternet-connectedcontentsbeupdatedwithfixeswhenfaultsarefound.Theycouldforceuserstochangedefault(默认)usernamesandpasswords.Reportinglaws,alreadyinforceinsomeAmericanstates,canrequirecompaniestoreportwhentheyortheirproductsarehacked,whichencouragesthemtofixaprobleminsteadofburyingit.
Mostimportant,thesoftwareindustryhasfordecadesdisclaimedliabilityfortheharmwhenitsproductsgowrong.Suchanapproachhasitsbenefits.SiliconValley’sfruitful“gofastandbreakthings”styleofinnovationispossibleonlyiffirmsrelativelyhavefreedomtoputoutnewproductswhiletheystillneedperfecting.Butthispointwillsoonbeillegal.Ascomputersspreadtoproductscoveredbyestablishedliabilityarrangements,suchascarsordomesticgoods,theindustry’sdisclaimerswillincreasinglybeagainstexistinglaws.
Firmsshouldrecognizethat,ifthecourtsdonotforcetheliabilityissue,publicopinionwill.Fortunately,thesmallbutgrowingmarketincyber-securityinsuranceoffersawaytoprotectconsumerswhilepreservingthecomputingindustry’sabilitytoinnovate.Afirmwhoseproductsdonotworkproperly,orarerepeatedlyhacked,willfinditsinsurancerising,urgingittosolvetheproblem.Afirmthattakesreasonablestepstomakethingssafe,butwhichisdamagednevertheless,willaskforaninsurancepayoutthatwillstopitfromgoingbankrupt(破产).Itisherethatsomeproblemscouldperhapsbenegotiated.Onceagain,thereareexamples:
whencountlessclaimsagainstAmericanlight-aircraftfirmsthreatenedtobankrupttheindustryinthe1980s,thegovernmentchangedthelaw,limitingtheirliabilityforoldproducts.
Onereasoncomputersecurityissobadtodayisthatfewpeopleweretakingitseriouslyyesterday.WhentheInternetwasnew,thatwasforgivable.Nowthattheconsequencesareknown,andtherisksposedbybugsandhackingarelargeandgrowing,thereisnoexcuseforrepeatingthemistake.Butchangingattitudesandbehaviorwillrequireeconomictools,notjusttechnicalones.
1.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus________.
A.computersareusedmor
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