Section I Use of English.docx
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Section I Use of English.docx
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SectionIUseofEnglish
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated
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