初中英语语法名词专题含练习.docx
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初中英语语法名词专题含练习.docx
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初中英语语法名词专题含练习
名词
(一)
一、名词的概念:
在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。
二、名词的分类:
1.专有名词:
它的第一个字母通常大写。
a.人名、地名、国名等例如:
Lucy,Shanghai,China
b.组织、团体、机构等例如:
theUnitedNations
c.语言、星期、月份等例如:
English,Friday,March(注意介词in/on/at的用法)
注意:
国家与人的对应
China-----ChineseAmerica----American(s)Australia----Australian(s)
Canada----Canadian(s)Japan----JapaneseGermany----German(s)
France----Frenchman(Frenchmen)GB----Englishman(Englishmen)
2.普通名词:
(1)不可数名词:
不可以直接以数字计算的名词。
例如:
snow,air,water,rice,paper,work,news(新闻),food,rain,weather,juice,milk,meat,money,English,fruit,information…
不可数名词要表示具体数量,必须借助of短语。
如不能说onebread,但是可以说onepieceofbread和twopiecesofbread。
只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:
little很少的(表示否定);alittle一些(表示肯定),much(许多),howmuch(多少),abitof(一些)
既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:
some(一些,用于肯定句),any(一些,用于否定和疑问句)alotof(许多),lotsof(许多)
★不可数名词量的表示方法:
计量词+of
例如:
apieceofnewsacupofteaapieceofbread
twopiecesofnewstwocupsofteatwopiecesofbread
注意:
abagofapples
(2)可数名词:
可以直接以数字计算的名词。
如onebook、twopens。
可数名词有数的变化,即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量:
1、直接在其前加数词;2、在其前加of短语(of+可以用作计量的名词)。
如:
oneegg,twoeggs;onebasketofeggs,twobasketsofeggs
★名词复数的构成:
a.一般情况下,直接在词尾加s;例如:
book---booksgirl---girlsdesk---desks
b.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在词尾加es;例如:
box---boxesbus---buseswatch---watchesfish---fishes
c.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加es;例如:
city---citiesfamily---families
以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾的,直接加s;例如:
boy---boysday---dayskey---keys
d.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v加es;例如:
knife---kniveslife---liveswife---wiveshalf---halves但roof,scarf后直接加s
e.以o结尾的,有生命的(或以辅音字母加o结尾的)加es,没生命的(或以元音字母加o结尾的)加s;例如:
radio---radiosNegro---Negroes
tomato---tomatoespotato---potatoeszoo---zoospiano---pianosphoto---photos但hippo后直接加s
以下名词特别容易出错,请注意:
stomach胃—stomachs,roof屋顶—roofs,reef暗礁—reefs,
belief信仰—beliefs,handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
★Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,child-children,fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep,ox-oxen(公牛),deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,mouse-micepoliceman-policemen等
注:
German(德国人)–Germans
只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:
few很少的(表示否定),afew一些(表示肯定),many(许多),howmany(多少),anumberof(许多的),several几个
课堂练习:
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
1.egg_____________2.watch_____________3.story______________
4.knife_____________5.radio___________6.tomato_____________
7.desk_____________8.glass_____________9.child_______________
10.sheep____________11.Chinese__________12.pencil-box___________
13.wife___________14.family________15.city____________
16.dress___________17.Englishman___________18.match___________
19.exam___________20.German__________21.potato__________
22..juice__________23.water________24.holiday________25.paper_______26.factory______27.thief_________
28.bus________29.class________30.glass______
31.wife32.baby33.policeman34.brush
二、单项选择
1.Pleasepassme_____.
A.twoglassofwater B.twoglassesofwaters C.twoglassesofwater D.twoglasswater
2.Theygotmuch____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories
3.Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor______.
A.apaperB.somepapers C.somepiecesofpapers D.apieceofpaper
4.Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs
5.I’dlikesomewater,buthewants_______.
A.twobottleorange B.twobottlesoforange C.twobottlesoforangesD.twobottlesoforanges
6.Lookatthe_______.Youcansee______________and________.
A.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radioes B.photoes;potatoes,tomatoes,radios
C.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radios D.photos;potatos,tomatos,radioes
7.Cuttheappleinto________.A.halfs B.halves C.half
8.Mr.Linoftengivesus__________bye-mail.
A.somegoodinformation B.somegoodinformations C.goodinformations D.agoodinformation
9.Thereare_____inthefields.They’reeatinggrass.
A.ahorse B.muchhorses C.manyhorse D.manyhorses
10.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?
A.somebread B.somewater C.somecakes D.someeggs
11.---HowgreatDalianRadioandTVcenterlooks!
---Yes.That’soneofthegreatest________inDalian.
A.building B.build C.buildings D.builds
12.Howmany______hastheoldfarmergot?
A.field B.sheep C.mutton D.cow
13.Theguidehassomenew_______.Shecanshowthemtous.
A.rice B.food C.jacket D.pictures
14.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
---__________,please.
A.Twocupofcoffee B.Twocupsofcoffees C.Twocupsofcoffee D.Twocupofcoffees
15.The_______aregoingtoflytoBeijing.
A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans
16.The_______hastwo___________.
A.boys,watches B.boy,watch C.boy,watches D.boys,watch
17.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor__________.
A.oneandhalfhour B.oneandahalfhour C.oneandhalfhours D.oneandahalfhours
18.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_________?
---Certainly.
A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwater C.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwaters
19.Don’tyouthinkDalianisoneofthemostbeautiful________inChina?
A.cities B.city C.place D.townsup
20.---WhatcanIdoforyou?
---I’mlookingfor__________.
A.apairofshoes B.apairofT-shirt C.twopairsofhat D.twopairoftrousers
21.Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.
A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life
22.Thereare________onthetable.
A.aglassofwater B.aglassofmilk C.twoglassesofwater D.aglassoforange
23.Therearefew_______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs
24.Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.
A.somegoodpiecesofnews B.somepiecesofgoodnews
C.somegoodpieceofnews D.somepieceofgoodnews
25.Thereisalotof________inthebox.
A.cake B.bagsofcakes C.milk D.bagsofmilk
课后作业:
一、英汉互译
1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶
3.一箱苹果4.一碗汤
5.一条消息6.四杯桔子汁
7.五包糖果8.两公斤牛肉
9.十一名美国人10.六名女学生
二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1.Ihavetwo(knife).
2.Therearemany(box)here.
3.IgotalotofChristmas(card).
4.Thereisapairof(glass)onthetable.
5.Thereareafew(people)intheplayground.
6.Howmany(ship)canyouseeinthepicture?
7.Mikehasseven(friend).
8.Afew(boy)aredrawingonthewall.
9.Hehassomeinteresting(book).
10.The(child)areplayingfootballnow.
三、单项选择
1.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
2.Iwouldliketohave_______.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
3.Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
4.Pleasegiveme________paper.
A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
5.Johnbought_________forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
6.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
7.Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.
A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
8. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. Potatos
9.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.
A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans
11.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.
A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses
12.–Arethose_____?
-No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.
A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
13.Sheisthetallestofinthefamily.
A.anysisterB.allthesistersC.allhersistersD.anyothersisters
14.Theydon’thavetodotoday.
A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks
15.TheChinesepeopleenjoyhappynow.
A.lifeB.lifesC.alifeD.lives
名词
(二)
重点:
名词所有格
在英语中,有些名词的词尾可以加上’s,用来表示所属关系,这种结构称为名词
的所有格。
1.单数名词变所有格,只需在词尾加’s.
Eg.theboy’sschoolbagtheworker’sshoes
2.复数名词的词尾已有s,只需加’即可。
Eg.theteachers’officethestudents’pens
3.若复数名词词尾无s,则应加’s.
Eg.Women’sDaythePeople’sPark
4.无生命的词的所有格一般可用of加名词这一结构来表示。
Eg.thenameofthemuseumthecenterofthecity
5.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名词前加’s,若表示各自所有,则每个名词后都要加’s.
Eg.JimandTom’sbedroom(吉姆和汤姆的卧室)(两人共有)
Jim’sandTom’sbedrooms(吉姆和汤姆的卧室)(两人各自所有)
课堂练习:
一、用’s或of填空。
1.mymotherbag2.Tomfriend
3.thedoorourroom4.postmenbags
5.theteachersdesk6.abookmyfather’s
二、汉译英
1.露西的书2.学生们的鞋子
3.李明的猫4.母亲的裙子
5.这个公园的花6.我们教室的墙
三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1.Thisis(May)book.
2.My(brothers)toycarsareverybeautiful.
3.Heisafriendofmy(mother).
4.That’s(KenandBill)newbedroom.
5.---Whosearetheselunchbox?
---Theyare(Ben).
6.(Pat)bagisverypretty.(Bob)isverypretty,too.
7.Thesebooksaremy(friend).
8.TomorrowisJune1st.It’s(children)Day.
四、单项选择
1.Thisisnotyourradio,but.
A.yoursbrotherB.yourbrother’sC.youbrother’sD.yoursbrothers
2.September10thisDay.
A.TeacherB.TeachersC.Teachers’D.Teachers’s
3.Janeissister.
A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’s
C.Mary’sandJackD.MaryandJack’s
4.Iwillgiveyoutofinishit.
A.twoweek’stimeB.twoweektime
C.twoweeks’timeD.twoweekstime
5.MissSmithisafriendof.
A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smother
C.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary
6.March8thisDay.
A.WomanB.WomenC.Women’sD.Woman’s
7.Marywenttolastnight.
A.thehouseofherfatherB.hersfather
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