Unit12GenderBiasinLanguageTeachingplan综合教程.docx
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Unit12GenderBiasinLanguageTeachingplan综合教程.docx
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Unit12GenderBiasinLanguageTeachingplan综合教程
Unit-12-Gender-Bias-in-Language-Teaching-plan-综合教程一
Unit12GenderBiasinLanguage
TeachingObjectives
1)Tohelpstudentstobeawareofgenderbiasinlanguage
2)Tohelpstudentsunderstandthebasicstructureandfeaturesofanexpositiveessay
3)Tohelpstudentstolearnlanguagepointsandrhetoricaldevicesusedinthetext
Pre-readingActivities
I.Pre-readingquestions
1.DoyouthinkChineseteachersfavorboysovergirls?
Supportyouranswerbygivingexamplesbasedonyourownexperience.
2.Doyoupreferasingle-sexclassormixedone?
Stateyourreasons.
.Culturalinformation
1.WhyWeNeedanEqualRightsAmendment:
WhyWeNeedanERA;TheGenderGapRunsDeepinAmericanLaw
MarthaBurkandEleanorSmeal
Whyistheamendmentneeded?
Twenty-threecountries—includingSriLankaandMoldova—havesmallergendergapsineducation,politicsandhealththantheUnitedStates,accordingtotheWorldEconomicForum.Weare68thintheworldinwomen'sparticipationinnationallegislatures.Onaverage,awomanworkingfulltimeandyear-roundstillmakesonly77centstoaman'sdollar.Womenhold98percentofthelow-paying"women's"jobsandfewerthan15percentoftheboardseatsatmajorcorporations.Becausetheirprivatepensions—iftheyhavethematall—arelowerandbecauseSocialSecurityputsworkingwomenatadisadvantageandgrantsnocreditforyearsspentathomecaringforchildrenoragingparents,three-quartersoftheelderlyinpovertyarewomen.AndineverystateexceptMontana,womenstillpayhigherratesthansimilarlysituatedmenforalmostallkinds
qualifylanguage.Itisuptoustodecidewhatwewillallowtobeusedandmadeproperintheareaoflanguage.”Evidently,theydenotethewriter’sattitudetowardwhatweshoulddoaboutgenderbiasinlanguage.
II.Structuralanalysis
1.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?
Thistextisanexpositiveessaywithreferencetogenderbiasinlanguage.
2.What’sthemainstrategytodevelopthisexpositiveessay?
Thetextismainlydevelopedbymeansofexemplification.Examplesareabundantlyusedin
Paragraphs2-6.
3.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.
Paragraph(s)
Mainidea
1
Thewriterraisestheissuetobediscussed:
Islanguagethecauseofthebiasorisitreflectiveofthepreexistingbiasthattheuserholds?
2-6
Thewriterprovidesquiteanumberoftypicalexamplestoillustrategenderbiasinlanguage.
7
Thewritermakeshisattitudeoropinionclearontheissueofgenderbiasinlanguage.
DetailedReading
TextIGenderBiasinLanguage
Paragraph1
Questions:
1.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoflanguage?
Theauthorthinksthatlanguageisverypowerfulandthemostcommonmethodofcommunication,butisoftenmisunderstoodandmisinterpreted,foritisaverycomplicatedsystemofsymbolswithplentyofsubtledifferences.
Paragraphs2-6
Questions:
1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?
(Paragraph2)
Paragraph2explainsandillustratesthefactthatsomewordsinEnglishareinherentlybiasedagainstwomenandthattheEnglishlanguagegenerallyreflectsmalesupremacyandfemalesubservience.
2.WhichisthetopicsentenceofParagraph3?
(Paragraph3)
ThisshowsthattheusageofmanyoftheEnglishwordsisalsowhatcontributestothebiaspresentintheEnglishlanguage.
3.WhatdoyouthinkofthetwoexamplesgiveninParagraph4?
(Paragraph4)
Thetwoexamples,whicharevividandinteresting,arecloselyrelatedtothemainideathatwomenareseenaspassivewhilemenareactiveandbringthingsintobeing.
4.WhichsentenceinParagraph5showsthatgenderconnotationsinwordsaffectpeople’sbehavior?
(Paragraph5)
Itisthelastsentence,“Itisalsocommonplacenottoscoldlittlegirlsforbeing‘tomboys’buttoscoffatlittleboyswhoplaywithdollsorridegirl’sbicycles.”
5.WhichsentencesinParagraph6denotethewriter’sattitude?
(Paragraph6)
Thesentencesthatshowthewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofimpolitetermsinreferencetowomenare“…butwhyusethemwhentherearesomanymoretochoosefrom?
”and“Itisalsothemosteffectiveweaponofdestruction.”
Paragraph7
Questions:
1.Whatkindchangehastakenplaceinregardtogenderbiasinlanguage?
PeoplehaverecognizedgenderbiasinEnglishandmadenecessarychanges.
2.Whatisthewriter’sopinioninreferencetogenderbiasinlanguage?
Thewriterthinksitisnecessarytomaketheproperadjustmentsinternallytouseappropriatelanguagetoeffectivelyincludebothgenders,andthatitisuptoourdecisionoftheproperwordused.
FurtherEnhancement
TextIITheDifferenceBetweenSexandGender
Lead-inQuestions
1.Accordingtoyou,whatarethegenderdifferencesbetweenmaleandfemale?
2.Whatarethecausesofthosedifferences?
Notes
1.connotativemeanings(Paragraph1):
theadditionalmeaningsthatawordorphrasehasbeyond
itscentralmeaning.Thesemeaningsshowpeople’semotionsandattitudeswhatthewordorphraserefersto.Forexample,childcouldbedefinedasayounghumanbeingbuttherearemanyothercharacteristicswhichdifferentpeopleassociatewithchild,e.g.affectionate,amusing,lovable,sweet,noisy,irritating.Someconnotationsmaybesharedbyagroupofpeopleofthesameculturalorsocialbackground,sex,orrace;othersmayberestrictedtooneorseveralindividualsanddependontheirpersonalexperience.
2.BarryWhite(Paragraph2):
(1944-2003)wasanAmericanrecordproducer,songwriterandsinger.AmultipleGrammyAward-winnerknownforhisdeepbassvoiceandromanticimage,White’sgreatestsuccesscameinthe1970swiththeLoveUnlimitedOrchestra,craftingmanyenduringhitsoulanddiscosongs.
3.Theynormallywalkwithaswitchandspeakwithsoftvoices.(Paragraph2):
Womenusually
walkswayingfromsidetosideandspeakwithgentlevoices.
4.Thesedescriptionsmaynotapplytoallmenandwomen,…(Paragraph2):
Theseoversimplifiedcharacteristicsmaynotbeappliedasageneralizationtoallmenandwomen.
5.sexualidentity(Paragraph3):
Sexualidentityisaperson’sstrongfeelingofbeingamaleorfemale.Itincludessexualorientation–thatis,whetherapersonissexuallyattractedtotheoppositesexorthesamesex.Peoplewhoareprimarilyattractedtomembersoftheirownsexarecalledhomosexual,gay,or,iftheyarewomen,lesbian.Peoplewhoareattractedtotheoppositesexarecalledheterosexualorstraight.Peoplewhofeelattractedtopeopleofbothsexesarebisexual.Despiteconsiderableresearch,theoriginsofsexualorientationarenotcompletelyunderstood.
6.Certaintraitsmaygetmixedupwhendealingwithpeoplewholiketocross-dress.(Paragraph4):
Certainfeaturesofthetwosexesmaybefoundmixedinthecaseofthosewholiketoweartheclothesoftheoppositesex.
7.Somepeoplegetsexchangeoperationsandbecometranssexuals.(Paragraph4):
Asmallnumberofmalesandfemalesbelievetheyshouldhavebeenbornamemberoftheothersex.Suchindividuals,calledtranssexuals,believetheyhavethewrongbodyfortheirfeelingsandemotions.Theyfeel“trapped”inthebodyofthewrongsex.Sometranssexualshavesurgerytochangetheiranatomytomatchtheirfeelings.Transsexualismoccursmoreinmalesthaninfemales.Itscauseisunknown.Somebehavioralscientiststhinkitresultsfromanearlydisturbanceinthemother-infantrelationshipandalackofproperidentificationwiththesame-sexparent.Thereisnoevidenceofhormonalabnormalitiesintranssexuals.
8.hermaphrodites(Paragraph4):
Ahermaphroditeisananimalwithbothmaleandfemaleorgansofreproduction.Inhumanbeings,hermaphroditismisnotnormal.Theorgansandfunctionsofoneorbothsexesusuallydevelopimperfectlyinsuchrareindividuals.Fewhumancasesofhermaphroditismhavebeenreported.
9.deformity(Paragraph4):
aconditioninwhichpartofsomeone’sbodyisnotthenormalshape
10.Backthenthiswouldhavebeenaprettygoodhypothesis.(Paragraph5):
Yearsagoone’soccupationwouldhaveprovidedasound,thoughtentative,cluetoone’ssexualidentity.
11.gradeschool(Paragraph6):
IntheUnitedStates,agradeschoolisanelementaryschoolorgrammarschool.Elementaryschoolisaschoolforchildrenfromage5or6toage12or14.
12.Theyjugglehomelifeandwork…(Paragraph7):
Theymanagetofittheirworkintohomemaking……
13.Womenhavebrokenthegenderbarrierinalmosteverysportexceptforfootballandhockey.(Paragraph8):
Beforethe20thcenturyintheUnitedStateswomencouldnotplayinmostorganizedsports.Soon,however,theybegantoenterthesportsarena.In1972TitleIXoftheEducationAmendmentsActoutlaweddiscriminationbasedongenderineducation,includingschoolsports.Schoolsthenspentadditionalfundingonwomen’sathletics,whichprovidedanenormousboosttowomen’ssportsofallkinds,especiallybasketball,whichbecameverypopular.Women’scollegebasketball,partoftheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA),isapopularfocusofinterest.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,thisenthusiasmledtothecreationofamajorprofessionalwomen’sbasketballleague.Womenhavebecomealargepartofathletics,makingtheirmarkinawiderangeofsports.
14.RosaParks(Paragraph9):
AfricanAmericancivilrightsactivist.In1955inMontgomery,Alabama,Parksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.HeractionledtotheMontgomerybusstrike,whichwasthefirstlarge-scale,organizedprotestagainstsegregationthatusednonviolenttactics.RosaParks’spersonalactofdefianceopenedadecisivechapterinthecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStates.
15.HilaryClinton(Paragr
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