中考英语 阅读理解分类训练 科学小品篇 牛津版.docx
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中考英语 阅读理解分类训练 科学小品篇 牛津版.docx
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中考英语阅读理解分类训练科学小品篇牛津版
SectionIII科学小品篇
Passage23
Researchers(研究者)haveannounced(宣布)theresultoftwostudiesonthehealtheffectsofthedrugaspirin(阿斯匹林).Onestudyshowsaspirincansharplyreducethechancethatahealthy,oldermanwillsufferfromaheartattack(心脏病).
Thestudyofferedtwonewresultsfromearlierfindings.Itsaidtakingoneaspirinpilleveryotherdayhelpedonlyhealthymenovertheageoffifty.Italsosaidaspiringavethegreatestprotectionagainstheartattackstomenwithlowbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.
EarlierintheUnitedStatesbeganamajoraspirinstudyintheearly1980s.Itincluded22,000healthymendoctors.Allwerebetweentheagesoffortyandeighty-four.Morethan11,000ofthedoctorstookaharmlesspillthatcontainednodrug.Themendidnotknowwhichkindofpilltheyweretaking.
Thedoctorswhotookaspirinsuffered44%fewerheartattacksthanthosetakingtheharmlesspill.139menwhotookaspirinsufferedfromheartattacks.Tenofthemdied.239menwhodidnottakeaspirinsufferedfromheartattacks.Twenty-sixofthemdied.
Theresearcherssaidthedoctors’studyprovidesclearproofthattakingaspirincanpreventafirstheartattackinhealthy,oldermen.Theysaid,however,theresultdoesnotmeaneverymanovertheageoffiftyshouldtakeaspirin.Theysaidaspirincouldn’thelpmenwhodonoteathealthyfoods,whosmokecigarettesandwhoarefat.Theresearcherssaidmenwhothinktheywouldbehelpedbytakingaspirinshouldtalkwiththeirdoctorsfirst.
1.Thepassagetellsusthatthenewuseofaspirinis______.
A.totreatheartdisease B.toreducepainwhileonesuffersfromaheartattack
C.tohelpoldpeopletobemorehealthy D.toreducethechanceofaheartattackinoldmen
2.Aspirincanhelpthosewho______.
AworkasdoctorsB.areunder40yearsold
C.arefatandsmokecigarettesD.areolderandhealthy
3.Atlasttheresearchersadvisedustotakeaspirin______.
A.withcareB.asmuchaswelike C.everydayD.onlyconsideringtheage
4.Fromtheexperimentwecanconcludethatabout_____ofpeoplewhosufferedfromheartattackswithoutaspirindied.
A.7%B.11%C.19%D.44%
Passage24
Itseemstobestrangetoyouthereisablindspot(盲点)ontheeyes.Hereisaninterestingexperiment(实验)thatcanmakesomethingdisappear,whenoneeyeisopen.
MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglishlettersLandRonit,LontheleftandRontheright.First,holdthecardabout80cmawayandyouseeboththeletters.ThencloseyourrighteyeandlookattheletterRonlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowardsyou,you’llfindtheletterLdisappearing.Butifyoumovethecardnearertoyourface,theletterwillbeseenagain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,you’llfindtheletterRdisappearing.
Whydoestheletterdisappear?
Itisbecausethereisablindspotontheeye.Whentheimage(影像)oftheletterfallsontheblindspot,itwon’tbeseen.Thatiswhyeitherofthelettersdisappears.
1.Thewriterofthepassagethinksthat_____thereisablindspotontheeye.
A.fewpeopleknowB.nooneknowsC.mostpeopleknowD.allthepeopleknow
2.Theword“disappear”inthepassagemeans________inChinese.
A.驱散B.消散C.消失D.遗失
3.YoufailtoseetheletterLintheexperimentbecause___________.
A.youreyesarepoorB.itsimagefallsontheblindspot
D.yourlefteyeisnotopenC.youmoveitclosetoyoureye
4.Inwhichorder(顺序)shouldyoudotheexperiment?
①Holdthecard②Movethecardnearer③Closeyourrighteye
④WritetwoEnglishletters⑤LookattheletterR⑥Makeacard
A.④⑥①②③⑤B.①③⑥④⑤②C.⑥①④③②⑤D.⑥④①③⑤②
5.Thepassagemainly(主要)tellsus_______.
A.howtofindtheblindspotB.aninterestingexperiment
C.wheretheblindspotisD.thereisblindspotontheeye
Passage25
Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluences(影响)health,intelligence(智力)andfeelings.
InAugust,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Peopletherehavehearttroubleandotherkindsofhealthproblemsduringthismonth.IntheNortheastandtheMiddleWest,itisveryhotatsometimesandeverycoldatothertimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch.
Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample,ina1983reportbyscientists,IQ(智商)ofagroupstudentswereveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame,butafterthestrongwind,theirIQwas10%below.Thewindcanhelppeoplehavemoreintelligence.Veryhotweather,ontheotherhand(另一方面),canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear(JulyandAugust).
Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople’sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusuallyfeelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.Butfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotsummer.Atabout18C,peoplebecomestronger.
Lowairpressure(气压)maymakepeopleforgetful.Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlow-pressuredays.Therearea“goodweather”forwordandhealth.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18centigrade(摄氏度).
Areyoufeelingsad,tired,forgetful,orunhappytoday?
Itmaybetheweather’sproblem.
1.____canhaveabadeffect(作用)onhealth.
A.HotandwetweatherB.Goodweather C.WarmweatherD.Highintelligence
2.Peoplemayhavemoreintelligencewhen_____comes.
A.arainB.veryhotweather C.astrongwindD.lowairpressure
3.Lowairpressuremaymakepeople_______.
A.forgetfulB.sadC.angryD.tired
4.In“goodweather”of18centigrade,_______.
A.peopleareveryforgetfulB.peoplecan’tdotheirworkwell
C.thinpeoplefeelcoldD.peopleareinbetterhealth
5.Thewriterwantstotellusthat_______.
A.hotandcoldweatherinfluencesallpeopleinthesameway
B.weatherinfluencespeople’slives C.IQneverchangesduringweatherchanges
D.Thereisagoodkindofweatherforpeople’sworkandhealth
Passage26
Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecast(预报)theweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere(大气),becausethisiswheretheweatherforms(形成).Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists(气象学家)canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchange.
Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwithearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaythis.
Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,thescientistscouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforthreeorfivedays.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead(提前).
1.Satellitestravel__________.
A.inspaceB.abovespaceC.abovethegroundD.intheatmosphere
2.Whydoweusetheweathersatellitestotakepicturesoftheatmosphere?
Because_______.
A.cloudsformthereB.theweatherformsthere
C.theweathersatellitescandoiteasilyD.thepicturescanforecasttheweather
3.Meteorologistsforecasttheweather_______.
A.withoutstudyingsatellitepictures B.beforetheyreceivesatellitepictures
C.whentheyhavereceivedsatellitepictures
D.aftertheyhavecomparedthenewsatellitepictureswiththeearlierones
4.Maybewe'llsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor_________.
A.onedayB.twodays C.fivedaysD.sevendaysorevenlonger
5.Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin__________.
A.takingpicturesoftheearthB.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphere
C.weatherforecastingD.doingotherworkinmanyways
Passage27
Paragraph1
Scientistshavelearnedalotaboutthekindsofpeopleneed.Theysaythatthereareseveralkindsoffoodthatpeopleshouldeateveryday,theyare:
(1)greenandyellowvegetablesofallkinds;
(2)citrus(柑桔)fruitsandtomatoes;(3)potatoesandotherfruitsandvegetables;94)meatofallkinds,fishandeggs;(5)milkandfoodsmadefrommilk;(6)breadorcereal(谷类),riceisalsointhiskindoffood;(7)butter,orsomethinglikebutter.
Paragraph2
Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworldeatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodsarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.Peopleindifferentcountrieseatatdifferenttimesoftheday.Insomeplacespeopleeatonceortwiceaday;inothercountriespeopleeatthreeorfourtimesaday.Scientistssaythatnoneofthedifferencesisreallyimportant.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherfoodsareeatenraworcooked,canned(罐装的)orfrozen(冷冻的).Itdoesn’tmatterifapersoneatsdinnerat4o’clockintheafternoonorateleveno’clockatnight.Theimportantthingiswhatyoueateveryday.
Paragraph3
Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaytofeedtheworld’spopulationsothatnooneishungry.Thesecondistomakesurethatpeopleeverywherehavetherightkindsoffoodtomakethemgrowtobestrongandhealthy.
1.Accordingto(依据)thescientists,whichofthefollowinggroupsoffoodisthehealt
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