句子成分表解.docx

句子成分表解.docx

《句子成分表解.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《句子成分表解.docx（73页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

句子成分表解

英语句子成分表解

一、主语:

整个句子的主题，谓语描述或说明的对象。

（基本成分）

词类

例句

名词短语

Monthsoftraininghadtaughthimtowritewithnowastedwordsorphrases.Alltheinformationwasthenreadytobeprocessedintofilmnegatives.Aknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.Mymottois:

liveonedayatatime.OneproblemisthatIdon'tlookanydifferentfromotherpeople.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Thericharenotalwayshappy.（少数形容词前边加the相当于名词）

主格代词等多种代词

Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.Herpenisblue,andmineisred.（名词性物主代词）Thesearemybooks.（指示代词）Whoisnotheretoday?

（疑问代词）Nothingwaswrongwithhiseyes.（不定代词）

数词

Twoandoneisthree.（基数词）Thesecondwasatallman.（序数词）

动名词（短语）

…havingadisabilitydoesnotmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.…Collectingandwritingnewsislikeresearchinginhistory.Manufacturingnolongertakesplaceontheearthbutonspacestationslikethisone.Havingabookpublishedisagreatachievementforanyone.Notlitteringatallorcleaninguplitter,suchascigarettebuttsandplasticbags,greatlyimprovesthequalityofourenvironment.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.Therewillbenosufferinghere.Seeingisbelieving.（表语与主语形式一致）

说明：

动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…表语是划线的词语时常用动名词作主语。

不定式

Itisbesttoplaceburnsundergentlyrunningwaterforabout10minutes.Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.Itwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.…TolookaftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftimebutIfinditworthwhile.…Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.…butingeneralitisprobablynotagoodideatogiveahugtoabossorteacher.Ittakesaboutanhourtoclimbfromtheendoftheroadtothetopofthemountain.Itwouldhelptofitsetsofearphonestoallseats,notjusttosomeofthem.Itisuptopeoplenottoletplasticbagsbecomelitter.Fordisabledcustomersitwouldbemoreconvenienttoplacethetoiletsneartheentrancetothecinema.Iftheyareclosetothecinemaentranceand/orexit,itiseasierfordisabledpeopletogettofilmincomfort.Adolescentboysaremorelikelytobuycomputergamesthananyothergroup,soitmakessensetomakecomputergameadsthatappealtothisgroup.

说明：

不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

从句

that从句

Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.ItsohappensthatIknowtheman.

Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.

that引导的名词从句表示某一事实或观点。

wh-从句

Whattheteachersaidyesterdayisimportant.Whethertheyarecomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.

说明：

wh-代词引导的从句表示特指的事物（what没限定范围，which限定了选择范围）。

wh-ever从句

Whateverhesaysisalwaysnecessary.Inanycase,Iarguedinmyhead,thatwhereverIwastakenmustbebetterthanwhereIwasnow.Whoeverwantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.WhicheverteamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.

说明：

wh-ever代词引导的名词从句表示泛指的任何人、事、物。

whichever限定了选择范围。

二、谓语:

说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

（基本成分）

Hecheckedtheevidence,readthearticleandpasseditontothecopy-editor.

动词类别

例句

不及物动词（vi.）

TherefollowedStPaul'sCathedralbuiltaftertheterriblefireofLondonin1666.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.

系动词（vt.）

Oncethereheurgedthehuntertomarryher,sayingthathisdaughterwouldmakeagoodwife.Thesoundofthedogsbarking,thecallsofthedriversandtheshoutsofthecrowdmakeanexcitingNorthernexperience.Thatsoundsveryexpensive.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstandingforonethousandyears.Weknowthatasmileisusuallyasignthatpeoplefeelfriendlyandhappy.Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin（HX）,wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.Hisfirsttaskwastowritehisstory,buthehadtodoitcarefully.Thegoalisforthecomputertousethedataitreceivestodeterminenotonlywhetheranobjectisjustapieceofmetaloramine,butalsowhattypeofmineitis.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.

及物动词

单宾语

动词

Itwillalsomakethecinemaownershappyifmorepeoplegoastheywillmakehigherprofits!

Iendedmytravelsbymeetingfacetofacewithadinosaur,theterribleT-Rex,andsurvivedtheexperience!

Alltheplantssurvivedthesix-monthjourney.Theyhavepromisedtodonateoneweekendoftheirtimetohelpuscompletetheproject.Hewonderedifthiswasimportantandwhythepuzzlewouldnotwork.

双宾语

动词

He'stellingusthere'sawhaleoutthereforus.Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Hegavewhoevercametothedoorawinningsmile.

复合及物动词

n.作

宾补

SkiingintheRockyMountainsandsailingintheharbourmakeVancouveroneofCanada'smostpopularcitiestolivein.

adj.作宾补

Makeitextrathick.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.

介词短语作

宾补

Wewouldliketoturntheemptylandatthebackoftheschoolintoanaturegarden.Evensomeofthecasualgarmentswewearhavebrandnamesattachedtothemwhichturnusintowalkingadvertisements.

方位副词

Theycouldeitherlettheanimalseattheweedsorturnthesoiloversothattheweedswerecoveredandwouldrot.

非谓语动词作宾补

不定式

不带to

Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!

Itwillbringyouintoamagicalworldandmakeyourdreamscometrue.WhileAshritamakesstandingontopofa75cmSwissballlookeasy,itisnot.

带to

Getyourparentstobuythingsthatareeconomicalwithenergy.Towardstheendofthedebate,thechairpersonwillaskthelastspeakerofonesidetosummarizetheargumentsthathavebeenmadetosupporttheirpointofview.Thiswouldallowhearing-impairedcustomerstoenjoythecompanyoftheirhearingfriendsratherthanhavingtositinaspecialarea.Permitmetoleadtheway,sir.

现在分词

Icaughthimplayingtruantyesterday.IlookeddownintothewaterandcouldseeOldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.…Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.

过去分词

Thefewwhocannotseetherealpersoninsidemybodydonotmakemeannoyed,andIjustignorethem.Hetrulyappreciates（感激）allthepeoplearoundhimwhoaretryingtohelp,andhemakesthatappreciationknown.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.Hereareafewsuggestionsonhowtoreduceit.Theyshouldgetyoustartedwithyourproject.Tohergreatsurprise,ZhangPingyufoundtheQueen'sjewelsguardedbyspecialroyalsoldiers.

名词性从句

Youcancallhimwhateveryoulike.Heisachampionandheraceshard.

三、表语:

表示主语的内容、身份或性质、特征、状态。

（基本成分）

词类

例句

名词短语

Fiveyearslater,heturnedanengineer.However,hermother'shousewasthebestplacetoberightnow.

宾格代词等

多种代词

―Whoisit?

（疑问代词，表示身份。

）

―It’sme.（代词宾格，表示身份。

）

　Thesearesomethingnew.（不定代词，表示内容。

）Themaninthepictureishimself.（反身代词，表示身份。

）

形容词（短语）

OneproblemisthatIdon'tlookanydifferentfromotherpeople.…Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.EverytimeIreturnedafteranabsence,IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.Beingonhigherland,itwouldbesafefromthefloods.Mylifeisaloteasierathighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedme….IamhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando,likewritingandcomputerprogramming.IfyouareluckyenoughtovisittheLakeofHeavenwithyourlovedone,don'tforgettodropacoinintotheclearbluewatertoguaranteeyourlovewillbeasdeepandlastingasthelakeitself.

方位副词

―IsBillin?

　―No,heisout.

Thewaterwasalreadyuptoherknees.

介词短语

Allthreeofuslookedlikespacemen.SometimesIfeltlikeachild.AmongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinParis.Amongtherareanimalsarecranes,blackbears,leopardsandtigers.Insomecinemas,theliftsareatthebackofthecinemaincold,unattractiveplaces.

说明：

主语很长时可以把表语提到句首构成倒装。

数词

Thetelephonenumberis3332117.Threeminustwoisone.

非谓语动词

动名词（表示主语的内容）

Seeingisbelieving.MyjobiscollectinginformationforadatabaseaboutMountKilauea.

说明：

作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，表示较抽象的一般行为、习惯。

不定式

Hisfirsttaskwastowritehisstory.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.However,thegeneralpurposeofsmilingistoshowgoodfeelings.MyaimisformostofyoutolearnEnglishwell.Thebestwaytoseethepaintingsistostartfromthetopfloorandwalkdowntothebottom.However,Ibelievethebestsolutionwouldbenottosmokeoruseplasticbagsatall.

说明：