It用作实词.docx
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It用作实词.docx
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It用作实词
、It用作实词
表达以下概念:
指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1)It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:
easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2)It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:
kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.
例 It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It’s no good/use doing…
It’s (well)worth doing…
It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do… It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1)It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2).It is adj. +clause
It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…… 例 It’s important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It’s of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3)It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4)It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5)It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6)It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主语的句型
1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It’s (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It’s (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例 It’s(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It’s the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例 It’s the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了
例 It’s 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型:
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you’ll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+adj./noun (one’s) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one’s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I’ll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
5. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做
take it for granted that …想当然
keep it in mind that…
例 Don’t bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can’t.
7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(except that例外)
例 I’m for it that you will follow their advice.
五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。
当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句
例 It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday.
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别
例 It was at 7 o’clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)
It was 7 o’clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
六、It 常用的固定搭配
1. make it
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:
成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例 It’s hard to make it to the top in show business.
(2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”
例 —Shall we meet next week?
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. as it is
(1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”
例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week.
(2).相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”
例 Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说,可以说,换句话说”
例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.
4. if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……,要不是……”
例 If it weren’t for Tom, I wouldn’t be alive today.
5. that’s it
(1). 相当于That’s all. That’s so much. 表示“至此为止,没有别的了”
例 You can have one more sweet, and that’s it.
(2). 相当于 That’s right.表示“对啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That’s it.
6. catch it 在口语中,相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”
例 We’ll really catch it form our teacher if we’re late for class again.
7. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”
例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解,知道,获悉”
例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
8. have what it takes在口语中,相当于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的条件”
例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
9. so it seems / appears.
10. Keep at it!
(Don’t give up!
)相当于go on,表示“继续做,不放弃”
例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.
11. Go it!
(Go on!
) 拼命干, 莽撞
12. Now you have done it!
(You have done sth. wrong.)
13. Now you’ll catch it!
(You’ll be punished.)
14. As it happened, … 在口语中,相当于it’s a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”
例 As it happened, they were out.
15. As it turned out,…在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”
例 As it turned out, his statement was false.
16. Such as it is(they are) 在口语中,相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”
例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.
17. Take it/things easy. 相当于Don’t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,存住气”
例 Take it easy!
He will do it well.
18. Take it from me.在口语中,相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话,我敢担保”
例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
19. For what it is worth…在口语中,相当于although I’m not sure it’s of value, 表示“不管其价值如何”
例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it’s worth.
20. Worth it 在口语中,相当于useful, 表示“有好处,值得做”
例 Don’t hesitate about it!
It’s worth it.
21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃
例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.
23. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中,相当于it hasn’t been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?
—It/That all depends.
24. It’s up to sb. 在口语中,相当于it’s decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner?
—It’s up to you.
试题精选
1. I hate ___ when people talk with their mouths full.(1998年全国)
A. it B. that C. those D. them 2. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004全国·27题)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
3. —Do you like ___ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全国卷)
A. this B. These C. That D. it
4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全国卷)
A. it B. One C. Himself D. another
5. The foreign Minister said, “ _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) Whenyouareoldandgreyandfullofsleep,
Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook,
Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlook
Youreyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowsdeep;
Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,
Andlovedyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue,
Butonemanlovedthepilgrimsoulinyou,
Andlovedthesorrowsofyourchangingface;
Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars
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