A Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin.docx
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A Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin.docx
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AStoryofAnHourbyKateChopin
“APairofStockings”and“AStoryofAnHour”
ByKateChopin(1851-1904)
TherolesofwomenatKateChopin’stime:
Theyplayedtheroleofafealty(孝顺的)daughter,acaringhousewife,alovingmother,etc.Womenwerelimitedindomesticlifeandweresupposedtoidolize(醉心于)theirchildren,worshiptheirhusbandsandesteemitaholyprivilegetoefface(漠视)themselvesasindividualsandgrowwingsasministeringangels(救星).
Chopin’smajorconcerninherwriting:
Therolesofwomeninsocietyandthewoman’sresponsibilitiestoherfamily,hercommunity,andherself.,andwomen’sself-realization.
“ThequestforfreedomisathemethatrunsthroughmuchofChopin’swriting....Herforthrightportrayalofwomenontheirsearchforemancipationshockedmanyofhergeneration,buthasgainedheralargefollowinginours”.----LewisLeary
Termsconcerninggender:
SimonedeBeauvoirsaysinTheSecondSex:
"Oneisnotborn,butratherbecomesawoman.Nobiological,psychological,oreconomicfatedeterminesthefigurethatthehumanfemalepresentsinsociety;itiscivilizationasawholethatproducesthiscreature."
Gender:
isbothaneffectofbiologyandasocialconstruction.Inpatriarchalsocieties,thatconstructionwilltendtofavourmenoverwomen.
Genderrole:
referstothebehaviouralroleorqualitysociallyandculturallysanctionedformalesandfemales.
Genderidentity:
referstotheself-awarenessofone’sbiological,socialandculturalcharacteristics.Itistheconformationandapprovalofone’ssexualidentity.Genderidentityistheinternalisationofgenderrole,whilegenderroleistheexternalisedformofgenderidentity;botharebasedonbiologicalelements.
Femininity:
submissive,passive,mindless,emotional,sensual,fragile,nurturing,caring,relational,domesticandetc.
Masculinity:
aggressive,competitive,smart,strong-hearted,tough,rational,social,independentandetc.
Feministconsciousness:
awarenessoftheelementsthatpreventwomenfromdevelopinginthesocialinstitutionalstructure;theconsciouspursuitforpoliticalandeconomicalsubjectivityinsociety.
Femaleconsciousness:
naturalfemaleconsciousnessincludingthepursuitforbeautyandfreedom,andtheawarenessofself-attractiveness,self-worthiness,self-existence,self-esteem,self-enjoymentandetc,andalsothedesireforintellectual,emotionalandsexualfulfilment.
Feminism:
Feminismaimstodestroythedominanceofphallocentrism,andexamsthesymbolic,psychologicalandethicalconnectionsofdominationofwomenandmalemonopolizationofresourcesandcontrollingpower.
Feministcriticism:
examinesthewaysinwhichliterature(andotherculturalproductions)reinforceorunderminetheeconomical,political,social,andpsychologicaloppressionofwomen.
Threeinterdependentelements:
sexuality,asawife;maternity,asamother;andindividuality,asahumanbeinginuniverse.Onlyawomanwithcombinationofthesethreeelementsinheridentitymightbesaidtohavebecomeafullyrealizedwoman.
ASTORYOFANHOUR
KateChopin
KnowingthatMrs.Mallardwasafflictedwithahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband'sdeath.
ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences;veiledhintsthatrevealedinhalfconcealing.Herhusband'sfriendRichardswasthere,too,nearher.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhenintelligenceoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard'snameleadingthelistof"killed."Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram,andhadhastenedtoforestallanylesscareful,lesstenderfriendinbearingthesadmessage.
Shedidnothearthestoryasmanywomenhaveheardthesame,withaparalyzedinabilitytoacceptitssignificance.Sheweptatonce,withsudden,wildabandonment,inhersister'sarms.Whenthestormofgriefhadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.
Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortable,roomyarmchair.Intothisshesank,presseddownbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.
Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftreesthatwereallaquiveringwiththenewspringlife.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Inthestreetbelowapeddlerwascryinghiswares.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedherfaintly,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves.
Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledoneabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.
Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.
Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.
Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.Whatwasit?
Shedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.
Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill--aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.
Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:
"free,free,free!
"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.
Shedidnotstoptoaskifitwereorwerenotamonstrousjoythatheldher.Aclearandexaltedperceptionenabledhertodismissthesuggestionastrivial.
Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.
Therewouldbenoonetoliveforduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendinghersinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.Akindintentionoracruelintentionmadetheactseemnolessacrimeasshelookeduponitinthatbriefmomentofillumination.
Andyetshehadlovedhim--sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!
Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertionwhichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!
"Free!
Bodyandsoulfree!
"shekeptwhispering.
Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,openthedoor!
Ibeg,openthedoor--youwillmakeyourselfill.WhatareyoudoingLouise?
Forheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."
"Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixiroflifethroughthatopenwindow.
Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.
Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister'swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.Richardsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.
Someonewasopeningthefrontdoorwithalatchkey.ItwasBrentlyMallardwhoentered,alittletravel-stained,composedlycarryinghisgrip-sackandumbrella.Hehadbeenfarfromthesceneofaccident,anddidnotevenknowtherehadbeenone.HestoodamazedatJosephine'spiercingcry;atRichards'quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.
ButRichardswastoolate.
Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease--ofjoythatkills.
一小时的故事(1894)
凯特·肖邦(慧 译)
知道马兰德夫人(Mrs. Mallard)的心脏很衰弱,他们尽可能小心冀冀地把她丈夫死亡的消息告诉她。
玛兰德的姐姐,约瑟芬(Josephine),用不连贯的语言,遮遮掩掩地给她暗示着。
她丈夫的朋友,理查兹(Richards)也在那儿,就在她身边。
在列有布伦特·马兰德(Brently Mallard)名字的火车事故遇难者的消息传来时,理查兹正好在报社里。
紧接其后的电报,使他在最快的时间里证明了消息的可靠性。
他必须赶在那些不太心细,不太温柔的朋友之前把这个不幸的消息带回来。
她没有像别的女人那样,带着麻木接受的神情听这个故事。
她近似绝望地扑倒在姐姐的怀里嚎啕大哭,泪如泉涌。
当这暴风雨般的悲伤过去后,她独自一人回到了自己的房间,不让任何人跟着她。
窗户对面,放着一把舒服的大扶手椅,她疲惫不堪地沉了进去。
这种疲惫,折磨着她的身体,似乎也正浸入她的灵魂。
她看到了屋外广场上,充满新春气息的树梢是那么的兴奋。
空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。
窗户下面的街道上,小贩正在叫卖他的器皿。
远处传来缥缈的歌声,数不清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。
对着她窗户的西边天空上,层层叠叠的云朵之间,露着一绺一绺的蔚蓝蔚蓝色的天空。
她把头靠在椅背上,非常地平静。
除了像个孩子自己哭着睡着了,还继续呜咽一样,她也偶尔地呜咽一下,这使她有点颤抖。
她很年青,她那白皙、安详的脸上线条,显示着一种压抑甚或说是一种力量。
但是现在,她那凝望的双眸,目光茫然,甚或有点呆滞。
这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥,更不是一种长久的深思熟虑。
有一种感觉正在向她靠近,那正是她带着恐惧等待的。
是什么?
她不知道。
这种感觉太微妙,太难以捉摸,她说不清楚。
但她感觉得到它,它正在空中蔓延,它穿过弥漫于空气中的声音、气味和颜色慢慢地靠近她。
现在,她心骚动不安。
她开始认识到那种向她步步进逼、并且渐渐地控制他的感觉是什么。
她努力地想用自己的意志力把这种感觉打回去,但是她的意志力就像她那两只纤细、白皙的双手一样的无力。
当她任那种感觉肆意发展的时候,从她微微开的双唇间喃喃地溢出一个词。
她屏住呼吸一遍又一遍地重复着:
“自由,自由,自由!
”随着那种感觉而来的茫然的目光和恐惧的神色从他的眼里消失了。
现在,她的目光透着机敏,炯炯有神。
她的心跳加快,热血温暖了身体的每一个部位,使她感到身心放松。
她没有片刻去想她此刻拥有的这种欢愉,是否不正当。
一种清清楚楚的、兴奋的感觉燃烧着她,她根本无暇去顾及那些个琐事。
她知道,当她见到丈夫那双温柔、亲切的双手变得僵硬,那从来都不会对她吝啬爱意的脸变得毫无表情、灰白如纸的时候,她肯定还会哭的。
但在这痛苦之外,她看到了长远的未来,那些只属于她自己的未来岁月。
她开双臂去迎接那些岁月。
在未来的岁月里,她不再活着只是为了别人,而只为她自己。
那时,她不必再盲目地屈从于任何专横的意志。
人们总是相信他们有权把
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