届山东省济南外国语学校高三上学期模拟数学试题解析版.docx

届山东省济南外国语学校高三上学期模拟数学试题解析版.docx

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届山东省济南外国语学校高三上学期模拟数学试题解析版

山东省济南外国语学校2021届高三上学期模拟

英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

JosephFrancisCharlesRock（1884–1962）wasanAustrian-Americanexplorer,botanist,andanthropologist（人类学家）.Formorethan25years,hetravelledextensivelythroughTibetandYunnan,Gansu,andSichuanprovincesinChinabeforefinallyleavingin1949.

In1924,HarvardsentJosephFrancisRockonatreasurehuntthroughChina’ssouthwesternprovinces—theWildWestoftheirday.Butgoldandsilverweren’thistask:

Rock,adistinguishedbotanist,soughtonlytofillhisbagswithalltheseeds,saplings,andshrubshecouldfind.Duringhisthree-yearexpedition,hecollected20,000specimensfortheArnoldArboretum（阿诺德植物园）.

Botany,though,wasjustoneofRock’sstrengths.Asanethnologist（民族学者）,hetookhundredsofphotographsoftheNaxi,atribeinYunnanprovince,recordingtheirnow-lostwayoflifeforbothHarvardandNationalGeographic,andtooknotesforaneventual500-pagedictionaryoftheirlanguage.Hishand-drawnmapofhistravelsthroughChina’s“Cho-Ni”territory,intheHarvardMapCollection,includesmorethanathousandrivers,towns,andmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese,andwassowellmadethattheU.S.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWarII.

Scientist,linguist,cartographer,photographer,writer—Rockwasnotawallflowerinanysense.Arrogantandself-possessed,hewouldwalkintoavillageorwarlord’splace“asifheownedtheplace,”saidLisaPearson,theArboretum’sheadlibrarian.

Indeclaringhissuccessfulreturnundertheheadline“SeekingStrangeFlowers,intheFarReachesoftheWorld”,theBostonEveningTranscriptranalargephotoofthedaringexplorerwearinginawoollycoatandfox-skinhat.“Indiscussinghisheroismincludinghair-raisingescapesfromdeatheitherfrommountainslides,snowslidesandrobberarmies,hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.”

TheArboretumandRockpartedwaysafter1927,mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortune—about$900,000intoday’sdollars.Fortunately,manyofhisspecimens,manyofhisamazingphotos,andhisgreatstoriesremain.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Rock’sservicefortheU.Sgovernment.

B.Rock’scooperationwithHarvard.

C.Rock’sworkasabotanist.

D.Rock’sexplorationinSouthwestChina.

2.WhatcontributiondidRockmaketotheUSAbesidescollectingnewplantsandspecimens?

A.HetraveledthroughsomeuncivilizedplacesinChina.

B.Hishand-drawnmapwasusedinWWII.

C.Heshowedheroismbyescapingdifficulties.

D.HemadeheadlinesinBostonEveningNews.

3.HowdidRockrespondwhenpeoplementionedhisheroicdeeds?

A.Excitedly.B.Proudly.

C.CalmlyD.Nervously

4.WhatcausedRocktostopworkforTheArboretum?

A.Thevastexpense.B.Thedangerousjourney.

C.Thechallengingtasks.D.Theunknownworld.

『答案』1.D2.B3.C4.A

『解析』

本文是一篇说明文。

主要讲述的是美国探险家Rock对中国西南地区的探险。

『1题详解』

主旨大意题。

根据第一段第二句Formorethan25years,hetravelledextensivelythroughTibetandYunnan,Gansu,andSichuanprovincesinChinabeforefinallyleavingin1949.（在超过25年的时间里，他游历了中国的西藏、云南、甘肃和四川，最后在1949年离开）以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Rock对中国西南部的探险。

故选D。

『2题详解』

细节理解题。

根据第二段的Hishand-drawnmapofhistravelsthroughChina’s“Cho-Ni”territory,intheHarvardMapCollection,includesmorethanathousandrivers,towns,andmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese,andwassowellmadethattheU.S.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWarII.（在哈佛大学的地图收藏中，他手绘了一张中国“楚-尼”地区的旅行地图，其中有上千条河流、城镇和山脉，用中英文标注。

这张地图制作得非常好，以至于美国政府在第二次世界大战中使用它来计划空中任务）可知，除了收集新的植物和标本外，Rock对美国的贡献还有他的手绘的地图在二战中被使用。

故选B。

『3题详解』

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句中hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.（他对这个想法不屑一顾，好像它不重要似的）可知，当人们提到他的英雄事迹时，Rock的反应很平静。

故选C。

『4题详解』

细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortune—about$900,000intoday’sdollars（主要是因为他的旅行让哈佛损失了一大笔钱——以今天的美元计算大约是90万美元）可知，巨大的开支致使Rock停止了植物园的工作。

故选A。

B

You’veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit;nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.

AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathy（换位体验）System”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT’sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools,”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha!

’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That’swhatAGNESprovides.”

Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasuncomfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnotdoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonthekneesandelbowslimitjointmobility.Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhigh-pitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwithstraps（带）attachedtoitpressesthespine（脊柱）.

AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignofanupdatedwalker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingcompanies,carcompaniesandretailgoodscompaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.Anunexpectedbenefitthey’vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlong-termhealth.

5.AGNEShasbeendevelopedmainlyto_______.

A.maketheusersmorecomfortableB.helpoldpeoplemovemorequickly

C.letpeopleunderstandtheoldbetterD.remindtheyoungtotakecareoftheirhealth

6.Accordingtothearticle,youngmarketersnever_______.

A.askwhatoldpeopleneedandwant

B.seetheeffortsoldpeoplemaketoputonclothes

C.feelthesamewayasoldpeopledo

D.say“Ahha!

”whentheymeetwithdifficulty

7.Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout_______.

A.howresearchersfeelwearingAGNESB.howAGNEShasbeendeveloped

C.howpeopleactwhentheyareoldD.howAGNESworks

8.Theunderlinedphrase“anupdatedwalker”inthelastparagraphmostlikelyrefersto_______.

A.someonewhotravelsalot

B.aphysicallylimitedoldperson

C.someequipmentthathelpsoldpeoplewalk

D.acompanyprovidingservicetotheold

『答案』5.C6.C7.D8.C

『解析』

这是一篇说明文。

章主要介绍了如果现在不注意锻炼身体，老了以后会怎样？

穿上AGNES，现在你就可以感受到老年人的感觉。

『5题详解』

细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句中“…toletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.（让你知道75岁时的身体感受。

）”可知，AGNES的功能是让人们提前感受人老以后的实际身体状况。

故选C。

『6题详解』

细节理解题。

根据第二段中…youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha!

’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That’swhatAGNESprovides.”（年轻的营销人员却从未遇到打开罐子或进出汽车时遇到困难的"啊哈！

"时刻，这就是AGNES所提供的。

"）可知，年轻的销售人员在生活中从未感受老年人的难处。

故选C。

『7题详解』

主旨大意题。

根据第三段中Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonthekneesandelbowslimitjointmobility.Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhigh-pitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwithstraps（带）attachedtoitpressesthespine（脊柱）.（特殊的鞋提供了一种不平衡的感觉，而在膝盖和肘部的带子限制了关节的灵活性。

手套给人的感觉是手和手腕的力量和灵活性下降，耳塞使人很难听到高音和柔和的音调。

头盔上的带子会压迫脊柱。

）以及第三段主要介绍AGNES这套服装是如何让人在具体部位有不舒服的感觉，感受年老以后的身体不适。

可知.第三段主要讲了AGNES的工作原理。

故选D。

『8题详解』

词意猜测题。

根据下文Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.（通过穿上这套衣服，他们可以自己看到什么样的设计和材料对身体条件有限的老年人最有意义。

）可以看出，这些学生在研究一款新的walker，通过试穿他们能够切身感受老年人的身体情况，从而能够确定什么样的设计和材料才最为合适，可知画线部分是指一些帮助老人走路的设备。

故选C。

C

Whatexactlyisintelligence?

Therearen’tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeenmadeingeneticsandpsychology,humanintelligencehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscience，untilnow,thatis,forthediscoveryofagene（基因）linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.

RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.Fromtheirresearch,theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136,puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation,whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion,whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However,thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone,andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence,ratherthanjustone.

SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess,althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe,whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained,isoneofthese.“ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheoneswhodobestintheircareers.”

Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence,IQisn’teverything.Manyalternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences,whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory,includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors（因素）inintelligence.

TonyBuzan,brainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemory,isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief,arguingthattruegeniuses（天才）doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheG