中国传统文化英语表达法四级说课材料.docx
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中国传统文化英语表达法四级说课材料.docx
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中国传统文化英语表达法四级说课材料
中国传统文化英语表达法(四级)
中国传统节日TraditionalChineseFestivals
TheSpringFestival春节
TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsontheveryfirstdayoftheChineseLunaryear.ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestival,otherwiseknownastheChineseNewYear,startsfromthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthandendsontheLanternFestival,thatis,thefifteenthofthemonth.TheSpringFestivaltotheChineseiswhatChristmastotheWesterners(中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节).
TheSpringFestivalEve除夕
TheSpringFestivalEve,ortheChineseNewYear’sEve,iscalltheDanianSanshi(大年三十)inChinese.Itisatimeofjubilance,witheyefulofSpringFestivalcouplets,earfulofloudfirecrackers,andthekitchenfullofyummystuffcookingonthestove.Wherevertheyare,peoplewillhurrybackhomefortheirfamilyreunionontheeve.
TheSpringFestivalEveDinner年夜饭
TheSpringFestivalEveDinnerisknownastheDinnerofReunion.OntheEve,childrenawayfromhomewillallcomebacktoenjoyatablefulofdelicaciestogetherwiththeirparents.Peopleinthenorthpreferjiaozi,thesouthernersliketangyuan,sweetrounddumplingstoindicatefamilyreunion,andniangao,whichmeans“goinghigherandhigherinthecomingyear”.
SpringFestivalCouples贴春联
IthasbeenatraditionfortheChinesetopasteSpringFestivalcouplesonthedoorsduringtheFestival.Wordsofauspiciousnessarewritteninthecouples,whicharecalledduilian对联,orthePairCouplets,becausethewordsonbothcoupletsshouldbeequalinnumber,parallelinform,andattunedinmeaning.Sometimespeoplealsopasteahengpi横批,ahorizontalscrollbearinganinscription,abovethecouples.
GiftMoney压岁钱
Onthefestiveoccasion,youngchildrenwillpayNewYearcallsonandexpresstheirbestwishestotheirelderswho,inreturn,willofferthemyasuiqian压岁钱,moneygiventochildrenasaSpringFestivalgift.Themoneyisusuallywrappedupinredpaper–asymbolofgoodfortune.
Settingofffirecrackers放鞭炮
PartoftheSpringFestivalcelebrationistosetofffirecracker,whichismeanttoaddjoytothefestivity.Peoplewishthat,bysettingofffirecrackers,goodluckwouldcometotheminthecomingyear.
PayingNewYearCalls拜年
TheSpringFestivalisalsoatimetopayfestivevisitsandsaygoodwishestooneanotheramongrelatives,friendsandneighbours.
VisingTempleFairs赶庙会
DuringtheFestival,peoplevisittemplefairs,whereanassortmentofentertainingperformancestakesplace,includingYandko秧歌(arirualfolkdancepopularinnorthChina),acrobatics(杂技)andfolkartshows.Varietiesofsnacksandcommodityexchanges(商品交易)arealsotheintegralpartsofthefair.
TheLanternFestival元宵节
The15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthistheChineseLanternFestival,whichcoincideswiththefirstfull-moonnightoftheyear(这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜).Themajoractivitiesofthedayincludewatchingpaintedlanterns,solvingriddles,settingofffireworks,andeatingyuanxiao元宵(sweetdumplings)madeofglutinous[ˈglu:
tinəs](粘的,胶装的)riceflour(糯米面,糯米粉).
EatingYuanxiao吃元宵
Eatingyuanxiao元宵onthedayoftheLanternFestivalsymbolizesfamilyreunionandhappiness.Yuanxiaoaremadewithglutinousriceflourdough,stuffedwithavarietyoffoodsuchasredbeanpaste,sesame,mixednutletswithsugar.Mincedmeatisanotherfavoredflavor(元宵用糯米粉包馅制成,馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖,还有肉糜馅等).InsouthernChina,peoplealsoeattangyuan汤圆(likeyuanxiao元宵).
WatchingPaintedLanterns赏花灯
OnthenightoftheLanternFestival,linesofpaintedlanternsarehungaroundthecourtyardandalongbothsidesofthestreet.Thecolorfullightsagainstthefullmooncreatequiteavisualfeastforpeopletoenjoy(人们观灯赏月,其乐融融).
SolvingLanternRiddles猜灯谜
Solvingriddleswrittenorprintedonlanternsisanotherwayofentertainingvisitorsonthenight.
TheDragonBoatFestival端午节
TheChineseDragonBoatFestivalfallsonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthontheChineseLunarCalendar.ThestorygoesthatthedayiskeptinmemoryofthepatrioticpoetQuYuan屈原whodiedmorethan2000yearsago.It’salsoadaytoprayforagriculturalharvestsaswellastodrivepestilences[ˈpestiləns]away(同时也是人们祈求农业丰收,驱除瘟疫的节日).
QuYuan(339BC?
~278BC?
)屈原
QuYuan屈原,apatrioticpoetoftheChuState楚国inancientChina,isgreatlyrespectedbypeopleofalltimes,forbothhisfinepoetryandnoblecharacter.Itwasonthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonthintheyear278BCafterthefallingoftheChuState(楚国)thatQuYuan(屈原)gavehislifetohisbelovedmotherlandbydrowninghimselfintheriver(因楚国国都失陷,屈原悲愤地投江而死).
DragonBoatRacing赛龙舟
Thedragonboatismadeofwood,withmythicaldragonheadanddragontaildecorationsonit.Dragonboatracingoriginallyshowedpeople’swishtorescueQuYuan(屈原)fromdrowning,andgraduallybecameapopularcompetitivemasssport(赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后,人们寻救他的迫切心情,后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).
EatingZongzi吃粽子
LegendhasitthatinordertokeepthefishawayfromeatingQuYuan’sbody,peoplewouldthrowricewrappedinbambooorreed[ri:
d](芦苇)leavesintothewatertofeedthefish.That’showthetraditionofeatingzongzi粽子(ricedumplingswrappedinleaves)aroundtheDragonBoatFestivalstarted.Azongzi(粽子)isusuallymadeintheshapeofatriangularorsquarelump(粽子外形为三角形或四角形),wrappedinlargebambooleaves.Theingredientsaremostlyglutinousrice,beans,Chinesedates,orpork.
HangingMoxa挂艾蒿
MoxaleavesarehunginfrontofeveryhouseholdduringtheDragonBoatFestivalinordertoexpel[ɪk'spɛl](驱逐)evilspiritsandtorelievepeople’sinternalheatorfever(驱邪解毒).Thesweetscentoftheherb,however,canalsorepelfliesandmosquitoes,andpurifytheairaroundthehouse.
TheMoonFestival中秋节
TheMoonFestivalortheMid-autumnFestivalfallsonthe15thoftheeighthmonthoftheChineseLunaryear.ItisalsocalledtheFestivalofFamilyReunion团圆节,asthefullmoonaroundthattimeverywellsymbolizesharvestsandreunion.Itisatimeforfamilymemberstogettogetherandsavour['seivə]尽情享受mooncakesastheyadmirethefullmoon.
TheMoonCake月饼
TheCakeofReunion团圆饼isanothernameforthemooncakes.Madebywheatflourdoughandstuffedwithawidevariety,sweetorsalty,mooncakesareboththemust-eatfoodandmajorgiftitemsaroundtheMoonFestival(月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品,也是节日的重要食品).
TheDoubleNinthFestival重阳节
Chongyang重阳—theDoubleNinthFestival,alsoknownastheSeniorCitizens’Day老人节,isontheninthoftheninthlunarmonth.As“nine”isregardedasanumberoftheYang(positiveormasculinebynatureinChinesephilosophy),two“nines”togethermakesaChongyang,orDoubleYang(中国古人把九称为阳数,阳在中国哲学中属阳性,代表男性阳刚特质,所以九月九叫做重阳).Onthisday,peoplewillgoclimbingmountains,drinking,andadmiringchrysanthemum[kri'sænθəməm]菊花flowers.Moreimportantly,it’satimeforchildrentoshowsometenderlovingcaretotheseniorsortoshowfilial['fɪlɪəl]piety['paɪətɪ]fortheirparents.(filialpeity孝顺,孝心)
ClimbingtheHeightstoKeepAwayTroubles登高避灾
TheDoubleNinthFestivalisinautumn,whenmarriedwomenaresupposedtoobservetheritualofvisitingtheirparentsandtakingthemtodosomemountain-climbing,sothattheycouldenjoytheseasonalbeautytogether.
AppreciatingtheChrysanthemums赏菊
Thechrysanthemumsareinfullblossomatthistimeoftheyear,andthegreatvarietyoftheflowerhaslongbeentheobjectofadmirationfortheChinese(品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开,观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).
OfferingSacrificestotheGoddessoftheSea祭海神
TheninthoftheninthlunarmonthhappenstobethedaywhenMazu妈祖,theGoddessoftheSea,ascendedtotheheaven.GrandceremoniesareheldforheronthedayinChina’scoastalcitiesincludingtheTaiwanRegion.
TheGodofLongevity[lɔn'dʒevəti]寿星老theguardianoflong-life长寿的保护神
ChineseTea中国茶
InChina,tea-drinkingispartoftheChineseculture:
TeaCulture.Todrinkteaisnotonlyawayoflife,itisalsoacustom(喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯,也是待客的一种习俗).Teahouseswheretea-drinkerscouldalsosocializeandentertainthemselvesarealloverthecountry.
Tea-sauteing(炒茶),theimportantpartofteaprocessing,determinesthequalityoftheproduct.
TheHomeofTea茶叶的故乡
Processedtealeavespickedfromteatreesbecometheteawepreparewithwaterandthendrink(茶是一种植物,称茶树,它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶).OriginallyaproductofChina,teawasexportedtopartsofAsiaasearlyassome1500yearsago,anditarrivedinEuropeabout400yearsago.
VarietiesofTea茶叶的品种
Withdifferentwaysofprocessing,teacanbeclassifiedintosuchvarietiesasgreentea绿茶,blacktea红茶,oolongtea['uːlɒŋ]乌龙茶,andscentedtea花茶,etc.andundereachcategory,there’redifferentbrandnamessuchastheXihuLongjing西湖龙井(WestLakeLongjingTea,greenteaproducedinHangzhou,Zhejiang浙江杭州),Biluochun碧螺春(greentea,producedinJiangsuProv.江苏).
TeaCeremony茶艺
IntheChineseteaculture,therearecertainritualsandrulestofollow,eitheratthestageofpreparing,drinkingortreatingaguest(沏茶,敬茶,饮茶).There’salsoasetofcriteriaforthequalityofwater,tea,andtea-makingutensils.
中国书法绘画Chinesecalligraphyandpainting
TheFourTreasuresoftheStudy文房四宝
Wenfang文房referstothestudyforamanofletters,andthetoolsandmaterialsforcalligraphyandpaintingincludethewritingbrush,inkstick,inkslabandpaper(笔、墨、纸、砚),sotheyarejointlycalled“thefourtreasuresofthestudy”.Inadditiontothese,theremayalsobeotheraccessoriesforcalligraphyandpaintinginthestudy,suchasbrushpots,brushracks,inkboxes,brushrinsingdishes,sealsandsealboxes,ets(还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品).
TheWritingBrush毛笔
WritingbrushesarethetraditionalwritingtoolsinChina,datingfrom1600BCto1066BC.Thepointofthebrushisusuallymadewithhairfromanimal
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