全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIIClozeTest
Directions:
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases
thetrialofRosemaryWest.
Inasignificant
oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea
billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses
andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof
thatcanbegiventoacase
atrialbegins.
InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe
withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot
sufficientcontrol.
ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda
ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe
ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges
toParliament.
TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which
theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally
inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas
toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.
“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands
ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.
Witnesspaymentsbecamean
afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere
tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised
witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto
guiltyverdicts.
31.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular(D)[D]suchas
32.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing(A)[D]fastening
33.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary(D)[D]draft
34.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable(B)[D]improper
35.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity(A)[D]peculiarity
36.[A]since[B]if[C]before(C)[D]as
37.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied(D)[D]agreed
38.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest(B)[D]indicate
39.[A]Release[B]Publication[C]Printing(B)[D]Exposure
40.[A]storm[B]rage[C]flare(A)[D]flash
41.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition(B)[D]demonstration
42.[A]betterthan[B]otherthan[C]ratherthan(C)[D]soonerthan
43.[A]changes[B]make[C]sets(B)[D]turns
44.[A]binding[B]convincing[C]restraining(A)[D]sustaining
45.[A]authorized[B]credited[C]entitled(C)[D]qualified
46.[A]with[B]to[C]from(A)[D]by
47.[A]impact[B]incident[C]inference(D)[D]issue
48.[A]stated[B]remarked[C]said(C)[D]told
49.[A]what[B]when[C]which(D)[D]that
50.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensure(C)[D]guarantee
SectionIIIReadingComprehension
Text1
Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.
Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:
exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.
51.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas________.
[A]sociologyandchemistry
[B]physicsandpsychology
[C]sociologyandpsychology(D)
[D]physicsandchemistry
52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.
[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation
[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience
[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity(B)
[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones
53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate________.
[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation
[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy
[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications(A)
[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs
54.Thedirectreasonforspecializationis________.
[A]thedevelopmentincommunication
[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation
[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge(C)
[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties
Text2
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.
Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?
TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
55.Digitaldivideissomething________.
[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet
[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor
[C]theworldmustguardagainst(C)
[D]consideredpositivetoday
56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.
[A]offerseconomicpotentials
[B]canbringforeignfunds
[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty(A)
[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld
57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.
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