中西婚礼差异英文版.docx
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中西婚礼差异英文版.docx
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中西婚礼差异英文版
中西婚礼差异英文版
DifferencesBetweenChineseMarriageCustomandWesternMarriage
Custom
Abstract
TherearemanyproceduresinChinesemarriagecustom.
Thebookproprietyandceremony,whichrecordsearliest
weddingceremony,saysthatmarriageincludessixetiquettes,namely,proposing,askingthename,askingforfortune,
sendingbetrothalpresentstothegirl'sfamily,discussingthedateofmarriageandmeetingthebride.Inwesternmarriage,therearefourprocedures.Theyareproposal,changing
surnames,choosingthedayandholdingthewedding.Asthe
different
religions,
cultural
origins,marriageconcepts
and
geographies,there
aremany
differencesexisting
inthe
two
kindsof
marriage
customs.
InChinesemarriage
custom,
the
matchmakerfunctionsalmostallthetimeandyouthshaveno
righttochooseandwomenarenotonanequalfootingwith
men.Bycontrast,inwesternmarriagecustom,thepriest
functionsandtheyouthshavelegalrighttochoosewhomthey
wanttomarryandmenandwomenareequal.Therealsoexist
commonthingsinthetwosides.Theyhavebeenmaintainedforthousandsofyears.Butinrecentyears(especiallyafterthe
foundingofmodernChina),peoplehavetendedtodiscardsomeofthedetailsandadvocatesimplifiedmarriageproceduresandweddingceremonies.
KeyWords:
Marriagecustom;differences;reasons
摘要
中国婚俗有着许多的仪式。
最早记载婚礼习俗的《仪礼》云:
“婚有六
礼,纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。
”而在西方国家主要有4个程序,即建议,改姓,选期和举行婚礼。
由于宗教、文化根源、婚姻观念以及地理环境的不同在一定程度上导致了中西方婚俗的不同。
在中国婚俗中,媒人起着决定性的作用,而作为婚姻当事人的青年男女却没有选择的自由和权力,而且男女在婚姻中的不平等现象也屡有出现。
在西方,是牧师在婚姻中起作用,并且青年男女有合法的权力去选择自己的夫婿或妻子。
当然中西方的婚俗也存在相同的地方。
它们存在了上千年之久。
近年来(特别是新中国成立之后),中西结合的婚姻屡有出现。
关键词
婚俗;差异;原因
Introduction
Marriageisformedinalonghistoricalevolutionofthemarriagecustominanation.Itistheregularityoftheactivitiesthatrestrainspeople'sawarenessofmarriageandmarriage.Marriagecustom'sbindingdoesnotdependonthelaw,anditcannotrelyonscieneetestsneither,butontheforceofhabit,traditionalcultureandnationalpsychology.Duringthe
developmentofhumanhistory,theinstitutionofmarriageandfamilysystemhasexperieneeddifferentprocessesof
development.Humanhaveexperieneedgroupmarriage,the
dualsystemofmarriageandindividualmarriagesystem
(monogamy).
Asaunionofamanandawomanandafamilyformationstage,marriageincludesnotonlymarriage,butalsothepreparationphaseforthemarriageandtheperformaneestageafterthe
festivities.Itrunsthroughthewholeprocessoflife.Thesecustoms,asanationalsymbolandculturaldevelopment,playsaveryimportantroleinethnicstudiesandthehistoryof
mankind.
Chinaisacountrywithanancientcivilizationandalonghistory,andmanycustoms.Amongsomanycustoms,thereisaparticularmarriagecustom.Thiscustomgoesthroughvariousandlongstagesofdevelopmentfromancientsimplewedding
ceremonytolatercomplexceremony,fromfeudalmarriage
customtothemodernfreemarriagecustom.Duringthesecourses,people'sideasareprogressing,thoughwecannotsaythattheirideasareuptothetopofmankind'sideasinallover
theworldatalloverthetimebecausetherearestillbackwardideasexistinginmanyplaces,inmanypeople'smindandtheymaybewillstillexistforalongtime.However,theyareuptothetopofmankind'sideasinacertainstageoftheuninterrupteddevelopmentofideas.
Greekcivilizationisthebaseofwesternculture.Britainplaysanimportantroleinwesternhistoryandwesternculture,andofcoursemarriagecustom.
Comparingwitheachother,theyaredifferentinmanyaspects
suchasinrightaspectandinfreedomaspectandtherearemanyreasonsthatresultinthesedifferencessuchasculturalreasonandgeographicalreason.
I.ChineseMarriageCustom
Likeotherfolk,marriagecustomhasthesamedevelopmentandevolvingprocess.Intheearlydaysofhumanity,thehumanrelationshipinaverylongperiodoftimestillcarriedthe
irregularrelationsliketheanimalworld.Therewasnomarriageatall,ifsuggestsome,theonly"arbitrarymarriage."
InChina,marriagehasgonethroughforalongtime.Asamostgrandetiquette,ithasalwaysbeenahighdegreeofattention.
Tocontrolthemarriage,thefamilyandthewholesociety,sincethebeginningofZhouDynasty,Chinesemarriageshouldcomplywithsixprocedures,whichistheso-called"sixetiquettes."AndLaterinTangandMingDynastyinChina,marriagealsocompliedwiththe"sixetiquettes".Astimegoes
by,althoughmanyweddingcustomsexperieneedvariouschanges"Sixetiquettes"asthebasicpatternhasnotchangedmuch.Itisstillessentialandcoreinmarriagecustom.
Marriagehaschangedmuchtoday,butinmanyplaces,there
stillremainstraditionalmarriagecustom.
Infeudalsociety,amarriagewouldbedecidednotbytheyouths'love,butbytheirparents'desires.Onlyaftera
matchmaker'sintroductionandwhenparentsconsideredthe
twofamilyconditionsweresimilarandcouldbematched,
letters
wouldthemarriageprocedureswentforward.Conditionsthatshouldbetakenintoconsiderationincludedwealthandsocialstatus.Ifaboy'sfamilywaswell-offoranofficialfamily,hisparentswouldneverpermithimtomarryagirlfromapoorfamily.Essentialtothemarriageprocesswerethecommonlyrecognized'threeLettersandsixetiquettes'.Thethree
werethebetrothalletter,thegiftletterwithagiftslistandtheweddingletterusedonthedaythebridegroommethisbrideatherhome.
Thebook
propriety
and
ceremony,whichrecords
earliest
wedding
ceremony,
says
that
marriage,usually,
involvessix
necessary
procedures,namely,
proposing,asking
the
name,
askingfor
fortune,
sending
betrothalpresentto
girl's
family,
discussingdateofmarriageandmeetingthebride.
A.Proposing:
Proposingisthefirstetiquetteinmarriageandisthefirstmeetbetweenthemembersinthetwofamilies.Thus,itisveryimportant.Usingacommonexpression,itismakinganofferofmarriagetoanotherfamilyonbehalfofthesonordaughter.
Iftheparentsthoughtthatthegirlcouldbethedaughter-in-lawinoldtimes,theywouldaskamatchmakerforsendingthegiftsandbringthesonandthegirltogether.Ifthegirl'sparentsalso
goosesfliedtheywerein
agreedonthemarriage,theywouldacceptthegifts.Peopleusuallyusedawildgoosewhensendingthegifts.Becausethewildgoosescouldflytothesouthorthenorthaccordingtotheseasonsandtheywouldneverchangeitwhichimpliedthewomanwouldbepunctualandalsobecausewhenthewild
arowandwhentheystoppedtheywereinalinewhichimpliedthatwomanshouldcomplywiththemarriagerulesandarrangeinorderthatoneshouldnotbreachit.
B.AskingtheName
Itaimstoaskforgirl'snameandpray.
Inancienttimesthegirl'snamewouldnotbeknownbyotherpeopleuntilthegirlwasinanageofmarriage.
First,onemusthavethematchmakerandinformoftheman's
familythroughacard.Andtheman'sfamilywouldlastlyreceiptforpostalremittanee.Thusitcanbeseenthat“asking
thename”notonlymeantthattheman'sfamilywantedtoknowthegirl'sname,butalsowrotedownthewoman'sbirthdayandEight-characters(infourpairsdenotingthetime,date,monthandyearofaperson'sbirth,eachpairconsisting
ofoneHeavenlyStemandoneEarthlyBranch,usedinfortune-telling).IfthebirthdayandEight-characterswerenot
harmtheman,theman'sfamilywouldlastlyreceiptforpostalremittanee.Sometimesthewoman'sparentsalsowrotedown
theofficialpositionofthewoman'sgreat-grandpa,grandpa
andfatherandthedowrythatcouldbesupplied.What's
interestingisthatduringthisprogressitwasthematchmakerthatfunctioned,nottheman'sfamilyorthewoman'sfamily.
Matchmakerwasalsoimportantintheotherprocedures.In
traditionalChinesemarriage,peoplebelieved“behestofthe
parentsand
proposalofamatchmaker”.
That'swhy
many
marriages
inthepast
werearranged
by
parents
and
matchmakers.
Matchmaker
'sproposalwasthemarriage'
svalid
basisinTangdynasty.
Ithasbeensimplifiedtoday.Manymarriagedoesnotneedthisprocess.
C.AskingforFortune
Afteraskingthename,thebridegroom'ssidehadgotthewoman'sbirthdayandEight-Charactersandtheywenttoconsultafortune-tellerthenwhichwascalled“askingfor
fortune”.Itincludedtwoaspectsofcontents.Onewasconsultthefemalevirtues.Ancientpeopleregardedfemalevirtuesasthemostimportantoneinthegospelofthreeobedieneethat
wereobedieneetoone'sfatherbeforemarriage,toone'shusbandaftermarriage,andtoone'ssonafterone'shusband'sdeathandfourvirtuesthatwasmorality,properspeech,modestmanner,anddiligentworkforawomanaccordingtoConfucianethics.
Zhonglichun,ZhugeLiang'swife(ZhugeLiangwasastatesmanandstrategistintheperiodoftheThreeKingdoms,
wasfamousfor
nowasymbolofwisdominChinesefolklore)herugliness,wisdomandhighfemalevirtues.Amaninoldtimesalwayshadmanywives.Inordertosolidifyingandsteadinthefamily,peoplepaidmuchattentiontofemalevirtues.Hencetherewasthesaw“Marrywifeismarryingvirtuesandtakeaconcubineismarryingappearanee”.
Theotheronewasconsultgoodorbadluck.Iftheywerenotfit
foreachotherinEight-Charactersaccordingtothebirthdayandwhat'smore,thewomanwouldharmtheman,theresultwasthatthismarriagewouldnotbeheldandwouldbecanc
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