An Existential Analysis of Catch22第二十二条军规赏析.docx

An Existential Analysis of Catch22第二十二条军规赏析.docx

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AnExistentialAnalysisofCatch22第二十二条军规赏析

AnExistentialAnalysisofCatch-22

Contents

Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................i

Abstract（English）..................................................................................................................ii

Abstract（Chinese）.................................................................................................................iii

1.Introduction......................................................................................................................1

1.1Catch-22................................................................................................................1

1.2WritingBackground..............................................................................................1

2.TheExistentialism….......................................................................................................2

2.1“Ithink,soIam”and“existencebeforeessence”.................................................2

2.2Theinitiativeofthesoldiers...................................................................................3

3.FreeChoice.....................................................................................................................4

3.1Orr..........................................................................................................................5

3.2Yossarian...............................................................................................................6

4.TheAbsurdityoftheWorld............................................................................................7

4.1TheAbsolutepoweroftheBureaucracy................................................................7

4.2TheMoralInsanity.................................................................................................8

4.3TheInevitabilityofDeath......................................................................................9

5.Conclusion.....................................................................................................................10

WorkCited............................................................................................................................12

Abstract

ThispaperisgoingtotalkabouttheexistentialisminJosephHeller’smasterpieceCatch-22.Asregardstotheinfluenceofexistentialismonliterature,JeanPaulSartre’stheoriesaretheoneofthegreatsignificance,whichisthemainconcerninthisthesis.

JosephHeller（1923-1999）isoneofthemostrepresentativewritersofBlackHumor,whichforecaststhedominatingofAmericanpost-modernismliterature.TheheartofBlackHumoristhedescriptionoftheabsurdityoftheworld,whichisalsoadoctrineofexistentialism.SoitissaidthatexistentialismisoneoftheoriginsofBlackHumor.

InCatch-22,thereareboundsoffreedomandthestrugglestogetofffromthem,whichisamainthemeofthebook.AndasregardtoSartre’sexistentialism,thecentralthoughtisthefreedomtochoosewhatonewantstobeortodo,whichagreeswiththethemeofCatch-22aboveIhavementioned.SointhispaperIjustchooseSartre’sexistentialistthoughtstoanalyzeit,despiteotherexistentialists.Existentialismisadifferentpointofviewtolookatthetraditionalwar-novel,fromwhichIthinkadeeperandmoretheoreticalcriticismofthewaraswellasthatoftheworldcanbeobtained.

Forthevalueofthispaper,firstofall,itwillproveCatch-22anexistentialnovel.Bothcenteredonthethemeoffreedom,thisnovelandexistentialismsharethesamebasis,soit’snaturaltoconnectthemtogether.Also,thereischapterfouronabsurditytoillustratethispoint.Thirdly,Iwanttostressthesubjectivityandadvantagesofexistentialism.Althoughmanypeoplethinkitassuperficialandspiritual,itstressesonhumanism,payingattentiontoinitiativeandsubjectivity,whicharestillhotcentersofdiscussiontillnow.

Keywords:

Catch-22;Existentialism;Freechoice;Absurdity

内容摘要

约瑟夫·海勒的代表作《二十二条军规》中渗透着存在主义的思想,这也是本论文讨论的主旨所在。

在存在主义理论，特别是其对文学有影响的存在主义理论中，萨特的理论是有着重要的地位。

虽然他的理论观点看法总是在不断地改进中，自由问题始终是他所重点关注的问题。

萨特的哲学被称为“自由哲学”的原因，就是因为他对人类自由问题的关注和阐释。

根据萨特的重要理论“存在先于本质”，人必须得先发挥主动性积极为自己思考，然后去做自由的选择，这些也是本论文中要涉及的内容。

虽然萨特本体论为彻底完善，但使用它分析小说,可以从宏观上看到海勒对军队，对战争的厌恶,以及对社会的批判。

约瑟夫·海勒是黑色幽默小说的代表作家之一，而黑色幽默小说预示着美国后现代文学将在美国文坛占有重要的地位。

黑色幽默理论的核心是世界的荒诞性，而这也是存在主义所坚持的信条。

本论文通过存在主义，特别是萨特的存在主义理论，尝试着从一个全新的角度去阐释《第二十二条军规》从存在主义关于自由，世界荒谬性，对人的主动性的强调，我们可以看到，小说中无处不渗透着存在主义的痕迹。

在本文里我想强调存在主义的优点之一，注重人的主动性。

虽然很多人认为它是迷信的精神的，但是它强调人道主义，注重人的主动性和主体性，而这些现在仍是被讨论的重点。

关键词：

《第二十二条军规》；存在主义；自由；荒诞性

AnExistentialAnalysisofCatch-22

Outline

ThesisStatement:

ThispaperismeanttotalkabouttheexistentialisminJosephHeller’smasterpieceCatch-22.Asregardstotheinfluenceofexistentialismonliterature,JeanPaulSartre’stheoriesaretheoneoftheoutstandingsignificance,whichisthemainconcerninthisthesis.InCatch-22,thereareboundsoffreedomaswellasthestrugglestogetofffromthem,whichisamainthemeofthebook.AndforSartre’sexistentialism,thecentralthoughtisthefreedomtochoosewhatonewantstobeortodo,whichagreeswiththethemeofCatch-22aboveIhavementioned.SohereIjustchooseSartre’sexistentialistthoughtstoanalyzeit.

Ⅰ.Introduction:

Catch-22anditswritingbackground

Ⅱ.TheExistentialism

A.“Ithink,soIam”and“existencebeforeessence”

B.Theinitiativeofthesoldiers

Ⅲ.FreeChoice

A.Orr

B.Yossarian

Ⅳ.TheAbsurdityoftheWorld

A.TheAbsolutepoweroftheBureaucracy

B.TheMoralInsanity

C.TheInevitabilityofDeath

Ⅴ.Conclusion

毕业论文开题报告

1．结合毕业论文课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写500

字左右的文献综述，阐述当前的研究现状：

LiteratureReview

JosephHeller,oneofthemostoutstandingAmericannovelistsandtherepresentativeofBlackHumor,HisfirstandbestknownnovelCatch-22isnowwidelyrecognizedasoneofthemostimportantbookswrittenbyAmericanssinceWorldWarII.term"Catch-22"hasenteredtheAmericanvocabularytoexpressthefrustrationofencounteringabsurdobstacles.ThereforeathoroughexistentialistreadingofJosephHeller’sCatch-22maygiveussomeenlightenmentandinspiration.

AccordingtoBrianCzechinheressayApotentialcatch-22forasustainableAmericanideology,thehistoryofAmericanideologyincludeselementsofincreasingsustainability.Laissez-faire,racism,sexism,andanthropocentrismhavebeendecliningthroughoutthe20thcentury,asindicatedbyvarioussocialmovementsandinstitutionaldevelopments.Economicgrowthhasproceededconcurrentlyandthematerialstandardoflivinghasgenerallydonelikewise.ProponentsofanenvironmentalKuznetscurvepositthatcontinuedeconomicgrowthandassociatedincreasesinthestandardoflivingwillhavetheeffectof,andarerequiredfor,producinganincreasinglysustainableideology.

InthepaperofFromModernismtoPostmodernism,theautherZhaoGuofansaysitiswidelyacceptedthattheemergenceofBlackHumorwasundertheinfluenceofExistentialism.ExistentialismisaphilosophywhichgrewoutofFrancearoundWorldWarII,withJean-PaulSartreandAlbertCamusasitsrepresentatives.ThetwoworldwarsexertedgreatinfluenceonExistentialismandBlackHumor,bothofwhichshareacommonviewpointoftheartisticdemandoffacingupanabsurduniversewithoutintrinsicvalues.JosephHeller,asaBlackHumorist,wasinevitablyinfluencedbytheexistentialistphilosophyandpresenteditinhisCatch-22

TherewasastudybyGaryw.Davis,inAdetailedSummaryofCatch22,hecriticizedthatthroughCatch-22JosephHellerpermeatestheideathatthereisnosingledefinitivetruth,thattheworldistheformofacontinualclashoftruths.Hellerpermeateshisideasofexistentialismthroughoutthenovel.Eachcharacterliveswithinhis/herownworldwhereeachcreatestheirindividualideasofrightandwrong.Throughthisnosingletruthremainsaconstant.Theprincipalbehindexistentialismstatesthatoneselfistheonlydefinitivereferencetowhatmaybeperceivedoftheworld.Theonlytruthsthatremainbecomethosecreatedbytheindividual.EachcharacterwithinCatch-22liveswithintheworldperceivedbytheirmind,theideasofrightandwrongperpetuatedbytheindividual.

Catch-22isanextraordinarynovelwhosebasicassumptionisthatallmenareequallymadinwar.ManycriticshaveproperlyidentifiedthedistinctivefeaturesofCatch-22:

itswildandtrulyhilarioushumor,itsbroadlysatiricportraitofthemilitary,anditssavagecharacterizationofthemodernsocialorder.SincethepublicationofCatch-22,ithascausedmuchdiscussionandargument.AfteraseriesofstudyonthecriticalworksofJosephHeller,IhaveaclearunderstandingofthesignificanceofexistentialisminhisworksandgivemeinspirationtohaveadeepknowledgeofCatch-22.

Bibliography:

Barrett,William.IrrationalMan:

AStudyinExistentialPhilosophy.GardenCity:

Doubleday,1958.

Kaufmann,Walter.ExistentialismfromDostoevskytoSartre.NewYork:

Meridian,1956.

Kennard,JeanE.WorldLiteratureCriticism.Detroit:

GaleResearchInc.,1997.

Nagel,James.CriticalEssaysonJosephHeller.Boston:

G.K.Hall&Co.,1984.

Seed,David.TheFictionofJosephHeller:

AgainsttheGrain.London:

Macmillan,1989.

Sartre,Jean-Paul.BeingandNothing.Beijing:

ChinaSocialSciencesPublishingHouse,1993.

汤永宽.第二十二条军规译本序.上海：

上海译文出版社,1981.

吴晓东.20世纪外国文学专题.北京:

北京大学出版社,2002.

潘利锋.全球化语境与东西方文学.长沙:

湖南人民出版社,2004.

钱满素.美国当代小说家论.北京:

中国社会科学出版社,1987.

毕业论文开题报告

２．本课题研究的主要内容和拟解决的问题：

主要内容：

20世纪60年代称霸于西方剧坛的荒诞派戏剧以萨特的存在主义哲学为思想基拙，强调人的分离与隔膜、存在的危机与友酷、人生的无用以及世界的荒诞。

本文通过分析美国现代作家海勒的“黑色幽默”经典之作《第二十二条军规》中体