英语二自学教程课文精编版.docx
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英语二自学教程课文精编版.docx
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英语二自学教程课文精编版
Contents
Unit1ThePowerofLanguage
AFamousQuote
Languageisthedressofthought.
------SamuelJohnson
SamuelJohnson(1709-1784),Britishmanofletters,oneofthemostoutstandingfiguresofthe18thcenturyinEngland.HemadelastingcontributionstoEnglishliteratureasapoet,essayist,moralist,literarycritic,biographer,editorandlexicographer.Johnsonhasbeendescribedas“arguablythemostdistinguishedmanoflettersinEnglishhistory.”
TextACriticalReading
Pre-readingQuestions
1.Doyouusuallychallengetheideaanauthorrepresents?
Whatdoyouthinkisactivereading?
2.Whatsuggestionsdoyouexpecttheauthorwillgiveonreadingcritically?
Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjustunderstandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.
Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.
Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don’tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,bycertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.
Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwiththatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.
Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor’sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.
Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,bycertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.Finally,iftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.
Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswritten.Thatis,takewhatiswrittenwith“agrainofsalt.”
Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.
TextBTheLanguageofConfidence
Pre-readingQuestions
1.Arethereanywordsthatmakeyoufeelconfidentordiffident?
2.Doyoubelievethatlanguagecaninfluencepeople’sthought?
Givesomeexample.
Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrain.Masteringourlanguagegiveusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.
Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn’treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit---whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.
“Try”
Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,“I’lltrytodothat”youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?
Dosay“I’lltrytobemoreconfident”or“I’lltrytodothat”or“I’lltrytocall”?
Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,“I’lltryto…”andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,“Iwilldo…”andseehowyoufeel.
Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn’tit?
Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrytonoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.
“Can’t”
Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.
Insteadofsayingyoucan’t,whynotsaysomethinglike“Ichoose…”or“Ichoosenotto…”Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.
Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheyhaveadeepandlastingeffectonus.Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.
Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?
Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!
Unit2MistakestoSuccess
AFamousQuote
Successisgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingyourenthusiasm.
----WinstonChurchill
WinstonChurchill(1874-1965),BritishConservativepoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.Widelyregardedasoneofthegreatestwartimeleadersofthecentury,heservedasPrimeMinistertwice.HeistheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.
TextASplitMilk
Pre-readingQuestions:
1.Didyoumakeanymistakesonyourwaytosuccess?
Givesomeexample.
2.Doyoubelievethatmakingmistakesisanecessaryingredientforsuccess?
Explain.
Haveheardofthestoryaboutspiltmilk?
Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespondinthismanner.
Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?
Herespondedthat,inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeentryingtoremoveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor–averitableseaofmilk!
Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofyellingathim,givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,“Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!
Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?
”
Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?
Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?
”Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.
Hismotherthensaid,“Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let’sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!
Therenownedscientistremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn’tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn’twork”,weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.
Wouldn’titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert’smotherrespondedtohim?
TextBTheCake
Pre-readingQuestions:
1.Haveyoueverbeenwronglyblamedbyyourparents?
Howdidyoufeelatthatmoment?
2.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetotheparentswhoareblindedtotheirchildren’smerits?
Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.
“Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,”shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouchesonthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,andtobehonest,itwasn’texactlyandaesthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.
Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imaginethehugeblenderfillwithal
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