四级真题和听力原文.docx

四级真题和听力原文.docx

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四级真题和听力原文

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Createagreencampus

1.建设绿色校园十分重要

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境

3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

Goodgradesandhightestscoresstillmatter-alot-tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者），pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,pa..madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N,Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles.“They’retryingtobuystudents.”SaysSkidmoreColegeeconomistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid.”SaysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”lnzersays,but“tobediscountingthePriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%.Comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants,Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon.”SaysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid.“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies.Whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

ThatisonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠），meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoints,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofmarket.”

Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcelinsportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）。

Applicantsneedtosendinatablecontainingtheirbestperformance.

Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceofavideoofthemdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare_____.

A）offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A）IttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogramB）Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C）Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D）Itcutitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidto________.

A）improveteachingqualityB）boosttheirenrollmentsC）attractgoodstudentsD）increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes_________.

A）itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking,

B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements.

C）it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents.

D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhadincreasedmuchfastertheneed-basedaiddueto______.

A）moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A）TheywouldliketoseeitreducedB）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil

C）TheythinkitdoesmoreharmthangoodD）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies

7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A）Risingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies

B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid

C）Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit

D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain____.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir________inaparticularartisticfield.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

11.A）GetsomesmallchangeB）Findashoppingcenter

C）CashacheckatabankD）Findaparkingmeter

12.A）ShoppingwithhissonB）Buyingagiftforachild

C）PromotinganewproductD）Bargainingwithasalesgirl

13.A）TakingphotographsB）EnhancingimagesC）MendingcamerasD）PaintingPictures

14.A）HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoungB）Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation

C）HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimoreD）Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman

15.A）HeisratherdisappointedB）Heishighlyambitious

C）Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD）Heknowshisownlimitations

16.A）ShemusthavepaidalotforthegymB）Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure

C）HergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresultsD）He