图表作文.docx
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图表作文.docx
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图表作文
图表作文
1.题型类别
图表:
chart,graph,diagram,picture
线图:
linegraph,linechart,curvechart/graph
饼图:
piechart
柱状图:
barchart,columnchart,histogram
表格:
form,table
流程图:
processchart,sequencechart,progressdiagram
地图:
map
2.折线图:
开头段+主体段+结论段
2.1.开头段:
“这个折线图描述了...(数据名称)…在…(时间地点)的变化/波动。
”
Thelinegraphshowsthefluctuation/changeof…(数据名称)…in…(地点)…from…to…
描述:
describe,show,depict,demonstrate,illustrate,giveinformationof,presentavividdescriptionof…
三个位置:
文字描述;横纵坐标轴;图表标题部分;
三类信息:
“数据名称(thestatisticsof;thepercentageof;theproportionof;thenumberof;theamountof;thestructureof;thedistributionof;theproductionof;theconsumptionof;thesalesof;thetradevolumeof;)”,采集时间地点;数据分组(bysex;byagegroup;byincomegroup;byemploymentstatus;bysocialstatus,bymaritalstatus…);
2.2.主体段
2.2.1.逐线描述:
“总体走向+关键细节”
描述总体走向:
“如图所示,…呈…趋势”或“在…中能够看到一个…的趋势”
Asisshowninthechart,…keep/demonstrate/showa…trend/tendency.
A…trendcanbeseen/isshownin…
走向的方向
向上的:
upward,rising,increasing,ascending,growing…
向下的:
downward,falling,decreasing,descending,declining…
程度形容词:
急剧的:
sharp,violent,drastic,dramatic,abrupt
明显的:
obvious,notable,noticeable,evident,apparent,remarkable
平稳的:
steady,gradual,smooth
和缓的:
moderate,mild,modest,lesssignificant
轻微的:
faint,slight
总体上的:
on-the-whole,generally
FigureAkeepsanobviousincreasingtrend/tendency.
AnobviousdecreasingtrendcanbeseeninFigureB.
AgenerallyupwardtendencycanbeseeninFigureC.
ItcanbeseeninthechartthatFigureDkeptagradualdownwardtrend.
Ascanbeseeninthechart,FigureEkeptasteadyupwardtrend.
Anon-the-wholedownwardtendencycanbeseeninFigureF.
有些情况下,数据线显示的是数据的波动且看不出明显的上升或下降,如例题1。
这种情况下,可以用下列句型概括总体趋势:
、
“如图所示,…数据波动剧烈/和缓”或“在…数据中能够看到剧烈/和缓的变化”
Ascanbeseeninthechart,…fluctuates/changesinadrasticway/drastically/inamoderateway/moderately.
Adramatic/modestfluctuation/changecanbeseenin…如例句:
Asisshowninthechart,FigureAfluctuateddrastically.
ItcanbeseeninthechartthatFigureBchangedinamoderateway.
Ascanbeseeninthechart,FigureCfluctuatedinadramaticway.
AnotablechangecanbeseeninFigureD.
如果某一数据基本保持不变,则可用下列句型概括其总体走向:
Itisshowninthechartthat…remainstable/stayunchanged/keeplevel.
例如:
ItisshowninthechartthatthepercentageofAustralianstudentsremainedunchangedforthewholeperiod.
关键细节描述:
“顺序”,“动作”,“幅度”
顺序词:
首先:
Initially,Atfirst,Atthebeginning,First
然后:
Then,Afterthis,Asthisisdone,before,Later,Inthefollowing/next…,Thenafter,Thereafter……
最后:
finally,intheend,eventually
七大动词:
位于:
stand,stay
达到:
reach,hit,touch,register,getto
上升:
rise,increase,climb,ascend,grow,goup
急升:
soar,surge,popup,rocket,shootup
下降:
fall,decrease,shrink,decline,descend,whither,withdraw,dip,drop
急降:
dive,plunge,plummet
持平:
stabilize,level-off,stayunchanged,remainstable
到顶:
top,peak
到底:
bottom
描述幅度:
“六个常用句型”
数据B从1991年的100元上升至2001年的最高点300元。
●FigureBrosefrom100Yuanin1991toitspeakat300Yuanin2001.
●FigureBgota100-to-300-Yuanincreaseinthe10yearsafter1991,peakingat300Yuanin2001.
●FigureBgotatwo-foldincrease/anincreaseof200Yuanafter1991,reachingitstopat300Yuanin2001.
●The10yearsbetween1991and2001witnessed/saw/experienceda100-to-300-YuanincreaseoffigureB.
●FigureBroseby200Yuanfrom1991to2001,touchingthehighestat300Yuan.
●From100Yuanin1991,FigureBkeptincreasingfor10yearsbefore/untilithitthetopat300Yuanin2001.
2.2.2.分阶段描述“起点,终点,转折点,交叉点”
3.表格、柱状图与饼图题
开头段:
“这个表格描述了/提供了…在…方面的信息;
Thetablepresentsinformationof…incategories/aspectsof…
说明/提供:
present,show,offer,illustrate,describe
信息:
information,statistics
方面/类别:
incategoriesof,inaspectsof
Thetablepresentsstatisticsofthesubwaysystemsin6cities(namelyLondon…)
分列描述:
排顺序,作比较;
A排在…的首位
Aranksthefirst/highestin…Atakestheleadingposition/theleadin…
Atops…Astaysatthetopof…Firstin…isA
B排在第二位
SecondisBItisfollowedbyBImmediatelyfollowingisB
Btakesthesecondposition.
C,D,E…第三到倒数第二位
Further/StillbehindareC,DandE.TheyarefollowedbyC,DandE.
F排在末尾
AtthebottomofthiscategoryisFAtthebottomofthelistisF
LastisFInthelastplaceisFFbottomsthiscategory.
数据交待方法:
●A,(thefigureof)whichis…
●Btakesthesecondpositionwith…
●括号
●另起一句话,Itis…
在相关处做出比较:
最大值与最小值作比较;
…less/morethan…;
…timesmore/lessthan…比…高…倍;
…timesasmuch/manyas…是…的…倍;
onlyone-third/two-thirdof…
两端+中间;
“有意思的是A不仅在…是最大的,而且在…中也是第一位的”
Interestingly,Aisthehighestnotonlyin…butalsoin…
“令人惊讶的是,尽管B在…不是最大的,但是它在…是最高的”
Surprisingly,althoughBisnotthehighestin…,itisindeedthegreatestin…
Itis…,…higherthan/timesofF.
BetweenthemareB,C,DandE.
相似顺序:
在…,能够看到一个相似的顺序。
A又一次排在首位而B又一次位列第二。
唯一差异出现在E和F。
后者这一次比前者高…
Asimilarsequencecanbeseenin…Atakestheleadagainwith…anditisfollowedbyB,whichis….Theonlydifference/exceptionoccursinEandF.Thelatteris…higherthantheformerthistime.
首尾各一到两个
A以…排在首位。
与之相反,F排在最低,比A少…。
4.程图写作:
I.考题分类:
i.演进类:
分时段图(强化段P13);地图演进类(强化段P25);多图比较类;
ii.操作说明类:
含步骤名称(强化段P23);不含步骤名称(剑8P78);
iii.综合类:
既有演进也有步骤说明(剑6P75);
iv.选址类:
剑5P75;
II.演进类流程图写作
开头段:
这个流程图分…个步骤说明了…的过程。
Theprocesschart/sequencechart/progresschartillustrates/shows/depicts/demonstrates/explains/describesin…steps/stages(theprocessof)…/how…/thedevelopmentof…
Thesequencechartillustratesin5stepstheprocessoftheshapingandgrowthoftheforestsinYellowstoneNationalPark/howtheforestsinYellowstoneNationalParktookshapeandgrewoverthe300yearsafterafiredisaster.
第一个阶段:
静态描述;“起初,…位于…/在…有…”
“…位于…”;“在…有…”;“特征”
位于:
stand,lie,belocated,besituated,canbeseen,canbespotted,scatter,perch…
某处有…:
thereis/are…
起初:
Initially,Atthebeginning,Atfirst,
流程图重点:
本步骤与前一步相比的差异;
接下来的阶段:
比较和前一阶段的差异;
发生:
takeplace,happen,occur,breakout
出现:
appear,comeintobeing,emerge,turnup,occur
消失:
disappear,beremoved,bewipedout,cannolongerbeseen,bedestroyed
取代:
AreplaceB;AtaketheplaceofB;AappearinsteadofB;AcomeintobeinginplaceofB;
变成:
become,turn,develop,grow,change
扩大(面积):
expand,stretch,spread
缩小(面积):
shrink,wither,withdraw
Initially,bigtreesstoodatalowdensityintheoldforest.Thereweresomebadwoodsonthesoil.Then,thefirebrokeout.Inthe50yearsafterthefire,agreatnumberofsmalltreesreplacedthebigtreeswhichhadbeenwipedoutbythedisaster.Inthenext5decades,thetreesturnedlargerandthenumberofthemshrankobviously.Inthefollowingtwocenturies,thetreesgrewevenlargerandthedensitywitheredfurther.Intheend,300yearsafterthedisaster,theforestrecoveredcompletely.
流程图修饰性用语:
a.主观判断性语言:
“这也许是…的原因/结果”;Itmighthavebeenthecause/resultof…
Itmighthavebeenthecauseofthefirelater.
Itmighthavebeentheresultoflifecompetitionandnaturalselection.
b.步骤连接句:
Thefirstmajordevelopment/changeof…tookplacein……的第一次重大变化发生在…
Inthenextperiod,…,greatchangestookplacein…在接下来的…时间中,在…发生巨大的变化;
Inthenext…,…developedintoanewstage/thedevelopmentof…enteredanewstage.在接下来的…时间中,…发展到了一个新的阶段;
Thechange/developmentwenton/lasted/continuedthroughoutthenext…这个变化在接下来的…时间中一直在持续着;
Thefollowing…witnessed/sawanewdevelopmentof…接下来的…见证了…一个新的发展。
Initially,bigtreesstoodatalowdensityintheoldforest.Thereweresomebadwoodsonthesoil.Itmighthavebeenthecauseofthefirelater.Then,thefirebrokeoutanddestroyedeverything,thetreesandthebadwoods.Inthe50yearsafterthefire,theforesthaditsfirstmajordevelopment.Agreatnumberofsmalltreesreplacedthebigtreeswhichhadbeenwipedoutbythedisaster.Inthenext5decades,theforestdevelopedintoanewstage.Thetreesturnedlargerandthenumberofthemshrankobviously.Itmighthavebeentheresultoflifecompetitionandnaturalselection.Thisdevelopmentwentonthroughoutthefollowingtwocenturies.Thetreesgrewevenlargerandthedensitywitheredfurther.Intheend,300yearsafterthedisaster,theforestrecoveredcompletely.Thetreesresumedtheirsizeanddensitybeforethefire.
III.地图演进类:
Parallelto
方位描述:
在…的南边;
inthesouthof在内部;onthesouthof在边上(相邻);
tothesouthof离开一段距离;
一条南北向的公路
AsouthboundmainroadAmainroadgoingsouth
Asouth-to-northmainroadAmainroadlinking/connectingsouthand/tonorth
向南扩大
ExpandsouthwardExpandtothesouth
路口
Intersection/joint
沿着…的北边;
Alongthenorthof;
Alongthenorthernside/border/boundaryof…
Themapdemonstratesin4stepsthedevelopmentofChorleywood,avillagenearLondon,between1868and1994.
Inthefirst15years,thevillagewaslocatedontheeastofamainroad.Itcoveredonlyasmallarea.Therewasanothermainroadtothenorthofit.ThefirstmajordevelopmentofChorleywoodtookplacebetween1883and1922.Itexpandedsouthwardalongtheeastofthemainroadbyabout3times.Thismighthavebeentheresultoftheconstructionofarailwayin1909.Therailwayranacrossthenewareaofthevillagelinkingeastandwest.Theexpansionwentonthroughoutthefollowing48years.Twonewareascameintobeingonthesouthoftherailway.Oneofthemwasontheeastofthevillageandtheotherwasonthewestofthemainroad.Thefourthperiod,from1970to1994,beganwiththebuildingofanorthboundmotorwaytotheeastofChorleywood.Fivenewareasappearedscatteringontheemptylandsaroundtheintersectionofthemotorwaywiththemainroadandthatwiththerailway.
Thus,themapillustrateshowthevillageofChorleywooddevelopedwiththeconstructionoftran
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