外文翻译电动汽车外转子定子PM无刷电机驱动器的比较.docx
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外文翻译电动汽车外转子定子PM无刷电机驱动器的比较.docx
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外文翻译电动汽车外转子定子PM无刷电机驱动器的比较
外文原文
ComparisonofOuter-RotorStator-Permanent-MagnetBrushlessMotorDrivesforElectricVehicles
K.T.Chau1,SeniormemberIEEE,ChunhuaLiu1,andJ.Z.Jiang21DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,TheUniversityofHongKong,HongKong,China
2DepartmentofAutomation,ShanghaiUniversity,Shanghai,200072,China
Abstract—Inthispaper,twoemergingouter-rotorstator-permanent-magnet(PM)brushlessmotordrives,namelythedoubly-salientPMmotordriveandthePMhybridbrushlessmotordrive,arefirstlyquantitativelycompared,whichareparticularlyattractiveforservingasin-wheelmotordrivesforelectricvehicles.Inordertoenableafaircomparison,thesetwomotordrivesaredesignedwiththesameperipheraldimensionsandbasedonthesameouter-rotor36/24-poletopology.Byutilizingthecircuit-field-torquetime-steppingfiniteelementmethodforanalysis,theirsteady-stateandtransientperformancesarecriticallycompared.Moreover,thecostanalysisofthesetwomachinesisconductedtoevaluatetheircosteffectiveness.
IndexTerms—Electricvehicle,Finiteelementmethod,Machinedesign,Permanent-magnetmotordrive.
I.INTRODUCTION
Inrecentyears,permanent-magnet(PM)brushlessmotordriveshavebeenwidelyusedinelectricvehicles(EVs)[1-2].Thedoubly-salientPM(DSPM)motordriveandPMhybridbrushless(PMHB)motordrivearetwoemergingstator-PMbrushlessmotordriveswhichofferhighmechanicalintegrityandhighpowerdensity,hencesuitableforEVapplications[3].Theirouter-rotormotorstructuresareparticularlyattractivefordirectdrivingofEVs,especiallyforservingasin-wheelmotordrivesforEVs[4].However,aquantitativecomparisonofthesewomotordrivesisabsentinliterature.
Thepurposeofthispaperistonewlycomparetwoemergingouter-rotorstator-PMbrushlessmotordrives,namelytheDSPMandPMHBtypes.Basedonthesameperipheraldimensions,bothmotordrivesaredesignedwiththeidenticalouter-rotor36/24-poletopology.Byusingthecircuit-field-torquetime-steppingfiniteelementmethod(CFT-TS-FEM)[5],thesteady-stateandtransientperformancesofbothmotordrivesarecomparedandanalyzed.Moreover,thecorrespondingcosteffectivenesswillberevealedanddiscussed.
SectionIIwillintroducethemotordrivesystemsandtheirconfigurations.InSectionIII,thedesignandcosteffectivenessoftwomotordriveswillbecompared.SectionIVwilldiscusstheanalysisapproachofthesetwomotordrives.ThecomparisonoftheirperformanceswillbegiveninSectionV.Finally,aconclusionwillbedrawninSectionVI.
II.SYSTEMCONFIGURATIONANDOPERATIONMODESFig.1showstheschemesofthesetwoouter-rotorstator-PMmotordriveswhentheyserveasthein-wheelmotordrivesforEVs,especiallyformotorcycles.Itcanbeseenthatthesein-wheelmotordriveseffectivelyutilizetheouter-rotornatureanddirectlycouplewiththetirerims.So,thesetopologiescanfullyutilizethespaceandmaterialsofthemotordrives,hencegreatlyreducingthesizeandweightforEVapplications.
Fig.1.Topologiesofproposedin-wheelmotordrives.(a)DSPM.(b)PMHB
ThetwomotordrivesconfigurationsareshowninFigs.2and3.Itcanbefoundthattheyhavethesimilarthree-phasefullbridgedriverforthearmaturewindings;whilethedifferenceistheH-bridgedriverfortheDCfieldwindingsofthePMHBmotordrive.Hence,theiroperationprinciplesareverysimilar,exceptthatthecontrollablefieldcurrentofthePMHBmotordrive.Forbothmotordrives,whentheair-gapfluxlinkageincreaseswiththerotorangle,apositivecurrentisappliedtothearmaturewindings,resultinginapositivetorque.Whenthefluxlinkagedecreases,anegativecurrentisapplied,alsoresultinginapositivetorque.ForthePMHBmotordrive,itcanaccomplishonlinefluxregulationbytuningthebidirectionalDCfieldcurrent.
Whenthesetwomotordrivesactasin-wheelmotordrivesandareinstalledintheEVs,theyoperateatthreemodeswithinthespeedrangeof0~1000rpm,namelythestarting,thecruising,andthecharging.
•WhentheEVoperatesatthestartingmode,itneedsahightorqueforlaunchingoracceleratingwithinashorttime.FortheDSPMmotordrive,sinceitsPMvolumeismuchmorethanthatofPMHBmotorone,itcanprovideasufficientlyhightorquefortheEVstarting.ForthePMHBmotordrive,thepositiveDCfieldcurrentwillbeaddedtoproducethemagneticfieldtogetherwiththePMexcitedfield,henceitalsoabletoofferthehightorquefortheEVtoovercomethestartingresistanceandthefrictionforceontheroad.
•WhentheEVrunsdownhillorworksinbrakingcondition,itworksinthechargingmode.Inthismode,thesetwomachinescanplaytheroleofelectromechanicalenergyconversion,whichrecoverorregeneratethebrakingenergytorechargethebatterymodule.Furthermore,forthePMHBmachinedrive,itcanfullyutilizeitsfluxcontrollableabilitytomaintaintheconstantoutputvoltagefordirectlychargingthebattery,whichismoreflexiblethantheDSPMmachinedrive.
•WhentheEVrunsinthecruisingmodeorinthesteadyspeed,thesestator-PMmotordriveswillentertheconstant-powerregion.Thisspeedrangeusuallycovers400rpm~1000rpmfortheDSPMin-wheelmotordrive.ButforthePMHBmotordrive,itnotonlycaneffectivelyextenditsoperatingspeedrangeupto4000rpmwhichisenoughtocovertheconventionalspeedrangerequirement,butalsocanregulateitsmagneticfieldsituationwhichcanmakethepowermoduleworkingattheoptimaloperationpoint.
Fig.2.ConfigurationofDSPMmotordrives.
Fig.3.ConfigurationofPMHBmotordrive.
III.COMPARISONOFMOTORDRIVESSTRUCTURESANDFEATURES
Thetwostator-PMmotordrivesstructuresareshowninFigs.2and3.Itcanbeseenthattheyhavethesameperipheraldimensionsandtheidenticalouterrotor,aswellasthesame36/24poleandarmaturewindings.Themajordifferenceistheirstatorsandfieldexcitations.TheDSPMmotordriveissimplyexcitedbyPMs,whichislocatedinthestator.ButforthePMHBmotordrive,ithasdouble-layerstatoranddoubleexcitations.Itsouter-layerstatoraccommodatesthearmaturewindings,whereasitsinner-layerstatorcontainsPMsandDCfieldwindingstogethertoproducethemagneticfield[6].Theirsimilarstructuresachievemanyadvantageswhentheyserveasthein-wheelmotordrivesforEVs.
•Theouter-rotornaturecanmakethemachinedirectlyconnectwiththetirerim,whichtotallyeliminatesthemechanicalgeartransmissionandprocesseshighmechanicalintegrity.Hence,itreducesthepowerloss,thesystemcomplication,andthetotalcost.
•Thesemotordrivesfullyutilizethewholespace,whichmakesthemcompactandeffective.Theyarrangethestatortolocatethewindingsandexcitations,henceresultingintherobustouterrotor.
•Theconcentratedarmaturewindingswith36/24fractional-slotstructurecanshortenthemagneticfluxpathandthespanofend-windings,whichleadtoreducebothironandcoppermaterials.Moreover,thisarrangementofwindingscansignificantlyreducethecoggingtorquewhichusuallyoccursatconventionalPMmotordrives.Theirdifferentconstructionsalsomakethemhavedistinctfeatures.
•FortheDSPMmotordrive,ithassimplerstructurethanthePMHBone.Alsoitscontrolstrategyissimpler.Butthissimplestructurelimitsitsflexibilityduetoitsuncontrollableairgapflux.
•ForthePMHBmotordrive,sinceitfullytakesadvantageofdoubleexcitations(bothPMsandDCfieldwindings),itcanofferflexibleairgapfluxcontrol,includingfluxstrengtheningorweakening.Inaddition,theair-bridgeispresenttoshuntwitheachPM,henceamplifyingtheflux
weakeningability.Thecorrespondingfieldexcitationinevitablycausesadditionalpowerloss.Nevertheless,thisreductionofefficiencycanbepartiallycompensatedbytheefficiencyimprovementduetoairgapfluxcontrol.Byproperlytuningtheairgapfluxdensity,theefficiencycanbeonlineoptimizedatdifferentspeedsandloads.
Fig.4.Controlstrategies.(a)DSPM.(b)PMHB.
Fig.4showsthecontrolstrategiesofthesetwostator-PMmotordrives,indicatingthatthePMHBmotordrivehasanadditionalfluxcontrollertoregulatetheairgapflux.
ThepoleselectionoftheDSPMmotordriveisgovernedbythefollowingequations:
Ns=2mkandNr=Ns-2k
(1)
wheremisthenumberofphases,ktheinteger,Nsthenumberofstatorpoles,andNr
thenumberofrotorpoles.ThepoleselectionofthePMHBmotordriveisgivenby:
=4mpand
=2Ns/m
(2)
wherepisthenumberofpolepairsoftheDCfieldwindings.Therefore,whenthesuitableparametersareselected,namelym=3,p=3,andk=6,thepolesofthesestator-PMmotor
drivesleadtobe
=36,and
=24.Itcanbefoundthatfor
three-phasearmaturewindingsofthePMHBmotordrive,alltheotherparameterscanbeobtainedaccordingtothevalueofp.Hence,theaforementionedequation
(2)canbeusedtosimplydeterminetheotherpossibleslot-toothcombinationforthePMHBmotordrive.
IV.ANALYSISAPPROACH
TheCFT-TS-FEMcanbeusedtoanalyzethesteady-stateandransientperformancesofbothmachinedrives.Foreachmachinedrive,themathematicmodelconsistsofthreesetsofequations:
theelectromagneticfieldequationofthemachine,thecircuitequationofthearmaturewindings,andthemotionequationofthemotordrive.Theelectromagneticfieldequationofbothmachinedrivesisgivenby[7]:
whereΩisthefieldsolutionregion,vthereluctivity,σtheelectricalconductivity,Jthecurrentdensity,Athemagneticvectorpotentialcomponentalongthezaxis,and
and
thePMremanentfluxdensitycom
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