句子成分概述 2.docx

句子成分概述 2.docx

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句子成分概述2

句子成分概述

一．句子的各个组成部分，叫句子成分。

英语的句子成分有：

主语，谓语，（连系动词），表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，状语，同位语。

句子成分一般由实词充当，即名词，代词，形容词，数词，动词，副词等。

虚词只起辅助作用，即冠词，介词，连词，情态动词，助动词等。

二．主语：

是说话人说明的对象，表示所说的是“谁”或“什么”

担任主语的有：

1．_____________.Workersbuildfactoriesandhouses.

2．_____________.ThisisthetallestbuildinginNewYork.

3．_____________.Sixandthreeisnine.

4．_____________.Thewoundisahero.

5．_____________.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotaneasyjob.

6．_____________.Readingnewspapersafterlunchishishabit.

7．____________________________________________________.

Whathesaidisright.Wherehelivesisstillunknown.

_______________hewantedtoseewasanendtoallarmiesoftheworld.

三．谓语

1．简单谓语：

Ihaveopenedthewindow.

2.动词性复合谓语

__________________________Shecanswimveryfast.

Hewasabletofinishtheworkintime.

____________________________I’mgoingtoseeafriendtomorrow.

3名词性复合谓语:

______________________

Itisafinedaytoday.Thefoodtastesdelicious.

四．表语表语放在连系动词后，和连系动词一起做谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，状态。

连系动词有：

.be（am,is,are,was,were,willbe,canbe,shouldbe,…）

Hisbrotherisanengineer.

.表示“似乎”：

seem/appearSheappears/seemsunhappytoday.

.表示“感觉”的感官动词：

sound,taste,feel,look,smell

Thesilkfeelssoftandsmooth.Helooksalittlenervous.

.表示“变化”的：

A:

become,turn,make（成为...）

Hebecameawriterlater.Hewillmakeagoodathlete.

B:

come,go

Hisanswercomesright.Themilkgoesbadeasilyinhotweather.

C:

get,grow,fall

Hegotlostwhentravelling.Yoursonhadgrownmuchtaller.

.表示“保持”的：

keep,remain,stay

Youshouldn’tkeepquietinadebate.Theshopstaysopentill9o’clock.

Aftertheseyears,heremainsunchangedinhischaracter.

.表示“证明是….”，“结果是….”：

prove,turnout

Thetheoryprovestoberight.Themeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.

担任表语的有：

1._______________Myfatherbecameapartymemberin1949.

2.________________Thepricesoundsreasonable.

3._________________Themeetingisover.

4.__________________Thesesweetsaremine,andthoseareyours.

5.__________________Sheisthirtybutlookstwenty.

6.__________________Theaddressisonapieceofpaper.

7.___________________Hisjobistodesignnewmachines.

8._______________Theproblemisfindinglandforthenewfactory.

9.__________________Hiscupisbroken.

10.__________________________________________________________

That’showtheyweredefeated.

Myonlyregretisthatit’squitealongwayfromallmyfriends.

Itwaswhattheyhadbeenworkingsohardtofind:

pureradium.

五．宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者。

可作宾语的有：

1．_______________Ilikethestoryverymuch.

2．_______________Wecaninvitethemtoourparty.

3．_______________Fiveplusthreeequalseight.

4．________________Theyarelearningtodriveacar.

5．________________Ipractisewritingnovelsafterclass.

6．________________Weshouldhealthewoundedandsavethedying.

7．_____________________________________________________

Ithink（that）heisright.

Theradiosaysthatitmaystopraininglater.

有些动词，可以有两个宾语，人作间接宾语，物作直接宾语，“人间物直”

eg.Give,bring,send,show,tell,teach,lend,pass…….

Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.

Myfathergavemeabicycleasthebirthdaypresent.

MyelderbrothertaughtmesomeChinesecharacters.

六．宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的，与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系。

可作宾补的有：

1．____________ThestudentsofClass1electedhimmonitor.

2．_____________Ifindtheproblemverydifficult.

3．_______________IfoundJimoutwhenIcalledathishouse.

4．__________________Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?

5．____________________Theymakethetanklookmuchprettier.

Theteacheraskedustofinishthehomeworkontime.

6．____________________Wecanseethebirdflyingalongtheriver.

7．_____________________WesawTomhitbyhisfatherjustnow.

七．主语补足语

一个句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。

PeopleelectedLincolnPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

_____________________________________________________________________

八．定语定语是修饰名词或代词的词。

分为前置定语和后置定语。

充当前置定语的有：

1．_________________Thisisagreenjeep.

2．_________________Hewasthinkingaboutamathproblem.

3．_______________Wearecleaningourclassroom.

4．_________________Therearefivepeopleintheclassroom.

5．__________________Weshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.

充当后置定语的是：

1．________________

Theclassmateshereareverykindtome.

Everynight,themanupstairscamebacklate.

Fillintheblankwiththegivenwordsabove.

2．___________________

Doyouknowthemanunderthetree?

Haveyougotanybooksaboutthemoonandthestars?

Thebooksonthedeskaretheteacher’s.

3．______________________

Ihavenothingtoeat,buthavemanythingstodo.

Shewasthefirstgirltocome.

Intheolddays,poorpeoplehadnoroomtolivein.

4．_____________________

TheboysittingatthedeskiscalledTom.

Theladytalkingwithourheadmasterishiswife.

5．___________________

Ihatetoreadtheletterswritteninpencil.

Therearemanyriverspollutedbythechemicalfactory.

6．_____________________

Theboywhoisstandingoverthereismybrother.

Wewillvisitthefactorywhichmakesminibusesandtrucks.

九．状语状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子的一种句子成分。

充当状语是：

1.________________________

Theyworkeddayandnight.Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.

2.________________________

Welikethispictureverymuch.ThedoctorlookedoverMrBrowncarefully.

3.________________________

ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.Toeveryone’ssurprise,MrKingrefused.

4._________________________

Myfatherwassurprisedtohearthenews.It’stoohottowearthecoat.

5.______________________

Theyenteredtheroom,talkingandlaughing.

Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.

6._______________________

Einsteinwalkedalongthestreet,lostinthought.

Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.

7.___________________________

Wasitsnowingwhenyouleftthecinema?

Manyofthestarscannotbeseenbecausetheyaretoofaraway.

状语按内容可分为：

时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方式，程度，让步，伴随状语.

1．_____________________

HecametoShanghailastmonth.Itoldhimallbeforeheaskedme.

2．________________________

Weateourpicnicunderabigtree.TheybuiltafactoryWherethereusedtobeahospital.

3．_______________________

Theycamelatebecauseoftherain.Theycamelatebecauseitrained.

4．_________________________Hestoppedtohavealook.

Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.

Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

5．_______________________IarrivedsolatethatIdidn’tcatchthebus.

6．______________________

Ican’tdoitwellwithoutyourhelp.I’llcometoseeyouifIhavetime.

7．________________________

MrSmithoftengoestoworkbybicycle.MrPattisrepliedwithalaugh.

8．________________________

Ireallyenjoyit.Thisproblemisdifficultenough.

9．_______________________

Theysucceededinspiteofalldifficulties.

Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworkingonthefarm.

10．_____________________

Shestoodthere,listeningtotheradio.

Heenteredtheroom,withabookunderhisarm.

11._____________________

Heusuallyeatsathome.Heisalwaysfondoftalking.

十．同位语

对句子某一成分作进一步解释，说明，而在语法结构上又属同等地位的句子成分，叫同位语。

同位语一般位于所修饰词之后。

关系紧密则不分开，反之，则要用冒号，逗号或破折号隔开。

可用作同位语的有：

1._____________

Hewasnottoosureabouttwothings----thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

TheywereheldinGreece----thecountryinwhichthegameswereborn.

ManyEnglishpeoplehavethreenames:

afirstname,amiddlenameandthefamilyname.

2.______________

Theyarebothfine,too.

Wehadalovelyholiday,oneofthebestever.

Workingwiththefarmersisanunforgettableexperience,oneI’lltreasuredeepinmyheartforever.

3.__________________

Thesehandbooksareforyoufive.

Youtwoaretocometotheteachers’office.

4.________________

Hehadearnedenoughmoneytostarthisownbusiness-----offeringguideservicestotourists.

5.__________________IliveinthecityofNanjing.

7．________________________

Thesecoinswereusedforthenext2,000years,thatis,from221BCuntil1916.

8．________________________

Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.

Thereisapossibilitythathewillpassthedrivingtest.

十一独立成分:

插入语

Isay,let’sgooutforadrivenextSunday.

That’sthecheapestsuitwehave,I’mafraid.

Whatwasworse,thiswinewasnotatallsuitablefordrinkingwithameal.

句子成分概述（教师用）

一句子的各个组成部分，叫句子成分。

英语的句子成分有：

主语，谓语，（连系动词），表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，状语，同位语。

句子成分一般由实词充当，即名词，代词，形容词，数词，动词，副词等。

虚词只起辅助作用，即冠词，介词，连词，情态动词，助动词等。

二．主语：

是说话人说明的对象，表示所说的是“谁”或“什么”

担任主语的有：

名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，-ing动名词短语，主语从句。

1名词TheChinesePeopleisagreatpeople.

Workersbuildfactoriesandhouses.

2代词Sheisgettingmarriednextweek.

ThisisthetallestbuildinginNewYork.

Thathappenedtenyearsago.

3数词Sixandthreeisnine.

Mybrothergavemetwobooks.Thefirstwasanovel.

4名词化形容词

Thericharegettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorer.

Thewoundisahero.

5不定式TocreateCentralParkwasawonderfulidea.

Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotaneasyjob.

Toimprovetheagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.

6动名词短语Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.

Readingnewspapersafterlunchishishabit.

FindingsomewheretoliveinNewYorkisabigproblem.

7主语从句Whathesaidisright.

Wherehelivesisstillunknown.

Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.

Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallarmiesoftheworld.

三．谓语

1．简单谓语Westudyhard.

Ihaveopenedthewindow.

Don’tdisturbher.Sheistryingtowritehercomposition.

2.动词性复合谓语

情态动词+实义动词WemustworkhardatEnglish.

Shecanswimveryfast.

Hewasabletofinishtheworkintime.

助动词+实义动词I’mgoingtoseeaf