初二被动语态.docx
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初二被动语态.docx
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初二被动语态
被动语态讲解
一、各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时:
am/is/are+动词过去分词
Carsaremadebythem.
一般过去时:
was/were+动词过去分词
TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.
一般将来时:
will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词
Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+动词过去分词
Themeetinghasbeenputoff.
二、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是:
情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。
例如:
wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
We mustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.
Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.
三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
(1)时态保持一致。
Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.
(2)如果要说出动作的执行者,并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时,就用by短语,如果后面的词表示地点,不是动作的执行者,就用in短语。
Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.
(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。
Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascleanedbyhim.
(4)疑问句的被动语态,用be动词的对应形式代替do
Doesshedrivethiscar?
→Isthiscardrivenbyher?
(5)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim. --Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.
(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等,带有双宾语,一个是直接宾语(指物),另一个是间接宾语(指人),主动语态变为被动语态时,可以把间接宾语变成主语,保留直接宾语,也可以把直接宾语变为主语,保留间接宾语,但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。
Myfathergavemeabook.
→
(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→
(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.
Sheshowedmesomephotos.
→
(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→
(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.
注意:
有些双宾语动词,如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等,变为被动语态时,通常以直接宾语作主语,保留间接宾语,其前面根据情况用介词to或for
Shewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.
有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等,通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语,保留直接宾语。
Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.
(7)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式,但变为被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat, hear,listento,feelhelp等。
Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes. →Hewasmadetowashthedishes.
Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.
(8)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。
有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1、
(1)英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thecoatssellwell.
Theknifecutswell.这刀好使。
Theshoeswearlong.这鞋耐穿。
注意:
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:
happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出现)等以主动形式表示被动意义。
(3)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.
2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
(1)在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).
(3)在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
五、下列情况不能用于被动语态
1.不及物动词没有被动语态
这类动词常见的有:
takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等
Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(√)Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.(×)
2.系动词没有被动语态
这些动词有:
feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。
8B被动语态专项练习
一、按要求改写下列句子
1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?
(改为主动语态)
people____________teainSouthChina?
2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdaypresent_________ ________ ________ _______bymyparentseveryyear
3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong__________ __________ _________bythechildren.
4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It____________ ______________ _____________byyounow.
5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal____________ ____________ ______________makingmachines.
6.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I____________ ____________ _____________ ____________thatforhim.
7..SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines. (改为被动语态)
Thoseworkers____________________ _________________makingmachines.
8.Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.(改为被动语态)
Theboy________often_________________________ thefootballmatchesbythem.
9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?
(改为被动语态)
__________abridge___________herebythemayearago?
10.HarryJonesdesignedthegame.(改为被动语态)
Thegame____________________HarryJones.
11.Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.(改为被动语态)
We___________often___________to__________fortenhoursaday.
12.Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.(改为被动语态)
(1)I________________________________abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.
(2)Abirthdaycake_______________________________mebyparentseveryyear.
13.Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.(改为被动语态)
Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.
14.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.(把句子改为被动语态)
Manytrees_________________byhimeveryyear.
15.Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.(把句子改为被动语态)
Hewas________________handinhomeworkbeforeclass(bytheteacher).
16.HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.(把句子改为被动语态)
ACD-ROMlastyear.
17.HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.(把句子改为被动语态)
ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.
18..DoeseveryoneintheworldknowtheGreatWall?
(把句子改为被动语态)
theGreatWallintheworld?
19..Igavehimapresentyesterday.(把句子改为被动语态)
ApresenthimbymeYesterday.
20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.(把句子改为被动语态)
Thebridgebytheworkersin2004.
二、单项选择
1.Eachyearquitealotoffood________aroundtheworld.
A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted
2.Thesickman_______tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.
A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took
3.Elephantscarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.
A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto
4.—Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?
--Weweretold________apicnicthisweekend.
A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had
5.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.
A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld
6.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.
A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught
7.LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.
A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit
8.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?
Theyareallreadytostart.
–I’msorry,butI_____whentomeet.
A.don’ttell B.didn’ttell C.haven’ttold D.wasn’ttold
9.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.
A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed
10.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,well.
A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold
11.–Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.
–Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.
A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering
12.–anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?
–Yes,itwas.
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build
13.–Whattheplaneoften?
------Atrainingcentre.
A.is;usedasB.–was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas
14.Hewasseen_________abankjustnow
A.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto
15.Weretheyheard___________atthattime?
A.talkandlaughB.totalkandlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed
16.Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetown____________well.
A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold
17.TheWorldCup_______________everyfouryears.
A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC
18.Oldpeopleareoften____________politelybytheyounginourcountry.
A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking
19.—Boysandgirls,haveyoufinisheddrawingthepictures?
—Yes,they________amomentago.
A.havefinishedB.werefinishedC.arefinishedD.finished
20.Marydidn’tknowwherethebirthdaycard________andlookedworried.
A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden
21.Tom byhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.
A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed
22.They_______dayandnight.
AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork
23.Youmaygofishingifyourwork_______.
AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone
24.ThesekindsofCD---ROMS______inthatshopoverthere.They_____well.
Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold
25.MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecan_____clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.
AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard
26.-----Doyouliketheflower?
---------Yes,it______sweet.
AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt
27.English_______inmanycountries,buttheChinese_______theirownlanguage.
A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks
28.---HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?
---None,dear.They_______foryourfather.
A.prepareBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared
29.Hisnewbookhas________.
AcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout
30.Foodandclothestothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.
A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout
三、用()里词的适当形式填空
1.Youngtrees____________(water)welleveryday.
2.Thirtybikes_______________(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.
3.Thiskindofmachine______________(use)forcuttingthings.
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