Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1.docx
- 文档编号:27192141
- 上传时间:2023-06-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:236.87KB
Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1.docx
《Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1
InternationalJournalofAppliedElectromagneticsandMechanics18(2003)127–137127
IOSPress
Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem
usingtimedivisionmultiplextransmission
Sung-JaeJunga,Sung-YongYunbandIl-HwanKimc
aDepartmentofControl&InstrumentationEngineering,KangwonNationalUniversity,Chunchon,
Korea
Tel.:
+820332508789;Fax:
+82-033-242-2059;E-mail:
pok@mirae.kangwon.ac.kr
bDepartmentofControl&InstrumentationEngineering,KangwonNationalUniversity,Chunchon,
Korea
Tel.:
+820332508789;Fax:
+82-033-242-2059;E-mail:
yong0386@
cDepartmentofElectrical&ComputerEngineering,KangwonNationalUniversity,Chunchon,Korea
Tel.:
+820332506347;Fax:
+82-033-242-2059;E-mail:
ihkim@kangwon.ac.kr
Abstract.
Inthispaper,anewdistributivelightingcontrolsystemforBA(BuildingAutomation)ispresented.Foroptimallightingcontrolandsavingenergyinbuildingssuchashotels,schoolsandoffices,thegroupandpatternlightingcontrolaswellasindividuallightingcontrolatonetimearerequired.Allthemodulatedlightingcontrolterminalsareconnectedtothecentralcontrolunitthroughapairofpowerlines.Thesepowerlinesprovidebothpowerandsignalstotheeachdistributedterminal,anddataaretransmittedusingthecyclictimedivisionmultiplextransmissionalgorithm.Withthisalgorithm,alow-costdistributivecontrolsystemforlightingapplicationshasbeenachieved,allowingenergyandmaintenancesavingandincreasingthereliabilityofthelightingcontrolsystem.
1.Introduction
1.1.Background
Toprovideapleasantbuildingenvironment,theeaseoffacilitymaintenance,managementandenergysavingarerequired.Recentlymanynewofficebuildingshavebeenbuiltasintelligentbuildings.BA(BuildingAutomation)systems,whichareemployedinintelligentbuildings,consistofavarietyofsubsystemssuchasair-conditioning,elevators,firealarms,securitysystems,andtemperaturemonitoringandcontrolsystems.Ingeneral,toimplementtotalbuildingmanagementsystems,thesesubsystemsareconnectedtoacentralcontrolsystem[1].Anewlightingcontrolsystemisbeingdevelopedrapidly,asthesystembecomesincreasinglymoresophisticated.Ithasthepotentialtoproducesignificantbenefitsthroughenergysavingsduetoreasonable
managementofdaylightandlighting,increasedtenantcomfort,planningflexibilityforfrequentalternationofofficelayoutandsimplifieddesignandinstallationoflightingsystem.Foroptimumlightingcontrolandefficientenergysaving,itisnecessarytoimplementgroupandpatterncontroloflighting,schedulingoflightingaswellasindividualtoggle-controlsoflighting.Usingthefollowingstrategies:
daylightcontrol,timecontrol,tasktuningofthelight(i.e.adjustingnecessaryvaluetolightinglevelsvalueforeachtask)andsoon,energyreductionupto70percentcanbeachieved[2].1383-5416/03/$8.002003–IOSPress.Allrightsreserved.However,lightingcontrolinmodernbuildingandofficesisatypicalexampleofwherelargeamountandcomplicatedconnectionsofwiringsarerequired.Intheearlydays,connectionsbetweenswitchesandlamps(generallyreferredtoas‘node’)arerelayedwithacomplicatedwiringsystemthatbasicallyjoinseverypairofrelatednodes(“point-to-point”),oremploysstarconnectiontomanagethedataflowinthenetwork.Inbothcases:
thecostofwiringishighandlackstheflexibilityofmodifyingtheconfigurationofthesysteminthefuture.Thesystemisalsodifficulttodebugandmaintainandwhenthestarconnectionisused,anentiregroupofnodescanceasetooperateifthecentralcomputeisdown.It
isunrealistictoexpectalightingsysteminalargefacilitytobemanagedmanuallybyflippingswitchesorturningdialsonthewall.Theexistenceoftheseproblemscallsforabettersolution.Onethatusesasinglebustoconnectalargegroupofintelligencedevices,allowinghighinteroperabilitybetweenthenodesbutpracticallyhasnointerferencewhensomeofthemembersarefaulty.Intuitively,theLocalAreaNetwork(LAN),withitsprofoundcapabilityinmovinglargeblocksofdataamongcomputersandtheirperipherals,appearstobeanobviousoption.However,althoughtheperformanceoftheLANsystemsishighintermsofreliabilityandthroughput,itisnotcosteffectiveandflexiblefortransferringshortmessagesbetweenalargenumberofintelligentnodesintendedtobeeconomical,smallinsize,andeasytooperate.AnalternativesolutionthatincludestheadvantagesoftheLANandtheeconomicalaspectsistointroduceIntelligentDistributedNetworkswithspecificprotocolsforlinkinglargeamountoflowcostsandoftensinglechipprocessorsdesignedtointerfacewithsimplesensorsoractuators(i.e.nodes).Theprocessorsarerequiredtocompletelargenumbersoftransactionspersecondwithagoodresponsetime.Asanexample,inacentralizedlightingcontrolsystem,theconnectionofeverynodestoaLANthroughacomputerequippedwithanetworkingcardandsoftware,willbefartooexpensiveandcomplicatedforsuchasimpletask.Amoreeconomicalsolutionistobuildintoeachnodewithalowcostprocessor(ormicrocontroller)thatiscapableofsendingsignals,withaunifiedprotocol,shortmessagestoallothernodesinthenetwork[3].InthispaperanewdistributivecontrolsystemforBA(BuildingAutomation)lightingcontrolusedongeneralmicroprocessors,ispresented.Foroptimallightingcontrolsandto
saveenergy,thesystemhastocontrolthegroupandpatternlightingcontrolsaswellasindividuallightcontrolsatonetime.Inthispaper,thesefunctionsareaccomplishedthroughalow-costandsimplemicroprocessor.Apluralityofmodulatedlightcontrolterminalsareconnectedtothecentralcontrolunitthroughapairofpowerlines.Thispowerlineprovidesbothpowerandasignaltotheeachterminalandthedataistransmittedthroughacyclictimedivisionmultiplextransmission.Withthisstructure
alow-costdistributivecontrolsystemforlightingapplicationshasbeenachieved,whichincludesthefollowingadvantages.
–Increasedreliability–databetweennodescanbemonitored,andhistorydata,canbegatheredtopredictafailureincontrollednodes
–EaseofMaintenance–itiseasierforasupervisorandtenanttomonitor,serviceandmaintainthroughadistributivenetworksystem.
–Energysavings–withavarietyofstrategiesanoptimallightingsystemisadoptedandthecostoflightingcanbereduced.
1.2.Functionrequiredatthelightingcontrol
Recentintelligentbuilding’slayoutsarefrequentlyalteredwiththeuseofmovablepartitions.Forexample,aroomthathasbeenused,asawarehousemightbeameetingroom,andviceversa.Inthiscase,thepatternoflightinghastobechangedwiththealternation.Alightingdevicesuchasstreetlamps
Individual-control
Tocontrolonenode(lamp)atoneplace(switch),likeatoggle-switchturnsalamponandoffintheconventionalway
Remote-control
Group-control
Tocontrolonenode(lamp)atseveraldifferentplaces(switch),e.g.,astair-lamp
Tocontrolseveraldifferentlampsfromoneplace(switch)atonetime,suchasacorridor-lamp,toiletlamp,andstair-lamp,whichcanbecontrolledbythebuildingmanagementstaffatthecentralcontrolroom.
Pattern-control
Scheduling
Toformaspecificlightingpatterns.Toaccomplishapredefinedlightingpatternaccordingtoascheduletablethatvariesdependingonthetimeofday,weekandyear,alsobetweenweekdaysandweekend,summerandwinter.
Table1
couldbecontrolledatonetimealsoexists.Particularly,thelightingdeviceslargelydependonthetimeofday,seasonandtheplacetobeinstalled.Thispropertyiscloselyrelatedtoflexibilitythatisalsoacrucialfactorofsystemevaluations.Tomeettheserequirementsofintelligentbuildings,thesystemhastohavenotonlyfunctionstoimplementgroupandpatternlightingcontrolsandindividuallightcontrolsatonetime,butalsototheabilitytoschedulethelightingtimeaccordingtothetimeoftheday,theyear,andregions.Theabove-mentionedfunctionsaresummarizedinTabl-e1.
2.Implementation
2.1.Systemoutline
Figure1showsthebasicblockdiagramoftheproposedlightingsystem.Thisdistributivelightingcontrolsystemismadeupofintelligentcommunicationdevices,callednodes,whicharelogicallycombined.Anodemaybeabasicwiringdevicesuchasaswitch,aSensor,aTerminalUnit(T/U)andanInterfaceUnitthatisconnectedtoaPCviaaRS-232Cserialcommunicationandiscontrolledbyit.Thedesignofthesystemusingtheproposedspecscouldbemuchmoreefficientandeconomicalthancon-ventionalones.Lightingnodes(slaves)andcontrolunits(Master)atoneregioncanbefreelytappedontoacommoncommunicationline.ThesolidlineofFig.1isatransmissionmedium,whichusesapairoftwistedlinesover1.2mmindiameter.Thetransmissionrateisabout9,600bps.Duetothetransmissionlineseffectinlong(>500m)cables,signalattenuationonlongdistancemaynecessitatethefrequentuseofrepeaters,atdistancesoflessthan500m.Itispossibletotransmitsignalslongdistancebyusingrepeaters[6].Thistwistedpairplaystheroleofprovidingpower(VCCsuppliedtoeachdevices)transmissionforeveryswitchandTerminalUnit(T/U)aswellasasignaltransmission,thatis,fromviewofbothpowerandsignaltransmission.Thecommunicationmethodproposedinthispaperisakindofpowerlinecommunication.Thus,thereisnomediumforprovidingpowerasdepictedinFig.1.Withthisfeature,theinstallationissimplifiedandcostisreduced.Figure2showsa
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Designofaremotelightingcontrolsystem1