新课标高考英语复习题课时19 阅读理解七选五 含答案.docx
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新课标高考英语复习题课时19 阅读理解七选五 含答案.docx
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新课标高考英语复习题课时19阅读理解七选五含答案
课时19阅读理解七选五
一、题型特点
阅读理解七选五主要考查对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。
七选五以考查细节理解为主。
文章以说明文和议论文居多,且结构清晰,过程完整,适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等,以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。
短文的特点如下:
(1)选材特点:
短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文,其中正文词数240词左右,选项词数60词左右;
(2)篇章结构常为:
提出问题——解决问题;
(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关,设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类;
(4)选项均为完整句子,句型不一;
(5)顺序通常按长度排列。
二、解题技巧
1.通读全文
快速浏览文章,寻找主题句,弄清文章结构及文章内容。
在阅读过程中,要注意文章的开始与结束段落,尤其是文章的首句及末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式较为常见。
首段一般是全文的主题所在,说明文章将探讨的内容,并会简要指出文章的写作思路,有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。
掌握首句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义,如果首句是文章的主题句,就可以使读者迅速明确文章将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有一个整体的了解。
如果首句不是主题句,则需要继续寻找。
这时,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,如两者均可排除,则需要在文章中的其他段落寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2.略读段落
在短时间内找出每段的关键词。
明确各段的主题句或段落大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干段落。
各段落会围绕文章主题展开,对文章主题从不同的方面进行描述。
找出各个段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为解答题目作好铺垫。
3.定位选项
明确各备选项的含义,抓住其中的关键词语,根据文章结构与具体内容将选项填入文中,填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时,要特别注意空白所在段落的上、下段的写作内容,以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下段的首句。
将所选选项放入空白处,看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的一致关系,是否符合该处语境,能否使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都连贯。
一篇文章作为一个整体是有其写作的线索与思路的,在定位选项时,尤其要注意,文章的写作线索,文章写作思路的连贯性使文章的每个段落、每个句子都成为文章必不可少的一部分。
如果选项放入空白处后,文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项。
4.通读复检
将所选选项代入文中,再次通读全文,重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语意是否连贯,各段内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当,从而判断选择的选项是否正确。
同时,我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析,个别干扰项由于与正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时就需要我们认真分析,仔细甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确选项。
5.研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案。
Ⅰ.典题演练
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady,gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.__1__,buythebest-fitting,best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet,soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.__2__.Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.
Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.__3__,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.__4__.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.__5__.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.
A.Aftersixdays
B.Foragoodmarathonrunner
C.Beforeyoubeginyourtraining
D.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile
E.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthem
F.Timespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftraining
G.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime
Ⅱ.能力提升演练
A
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Oneofthetoughestjobsintheworldisbeingateenager.Everythingisintransition.Kidsonthebrinkofadulthoodhavetocopewithalargenumberofconflicts.Thedesiretobespecialanddifferentclasheswiththeneedtobelongandfitin.Thedesireforindependencecollideswithanaversion(厌恶)toself-relianceandpersonalresponsibility.
Herearefivesuggestionsforimprovingthejourneythroughadolescence:
Beyourself.Trulyexpressyourselfanddon'tbeafraidtostandout.__1__Youdon'tneedorangehair,anoseringtobespecial.Intheend,it'smoreimportanttoberespectedthannoticed.
Don'texpecttoomuchorsettlefortoolittle.__2__Hangoutwithpeoplewhobringoutthebestinyou,andthekindofpersonwhobringsoutthebestinothers.
Thinkofresponsibilityasaprivilege,notapenalty.Dependabilityandself-reliancearetheticketstofreedomandindependence.Don'twasteenergyresistingwhatyouhavetodo.__3__
Thinkahead.__4__Rememberthateveryacthasaconsequence.Pleasurelastsforamoment;happinesslastsmuchlonger.Becareful:
justbecauseitfeelsgooddoesn'tmakeitgood.
__5__Yourlifeisyourship;bethecaptain,notapassenger.Figureoutwhatneedstobedonetoimproveyourlifeandmakeithappen.Youcan'tcontrolwhathappenstoyou,butyoucancontrolwhathappensinyou.Don'tcomplain.
A.Controlyourfeelings.
B.Instead,winothers'trustbydoingwhatyoushoulddo.
C.Takechargeofyourownlife.
D.Giveyourselfpermissiontofailandseewhathappens.
E.Thechoicesyoumaketodaywillshapetomorrow.
F.Butdon'tdressorbehaveinextremewaysjusttobedifferentortoproveyoucan.
G.Don'texpectanyoneelsetomakeyouhappy,butdon'tallowotherstotreatyoubadly.
B
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
SevenReasonsWhyYouShouldNotGiveUp
Youhavealreadystarted.__6__Iamsurestoppinghalfwaywouldnotbringbackallthetimeyouhaveinvestedinensuringthatyouachievethisplan.
Youarealmostthere.Mosttimes,problemsdon'tcomeuntilyouarealmostthere.Remember,onepainfulthingaboutlifeisnotachievingsomethingyouknewyoucouldachieve,somethingthatwasalmostwithinyourreach.
__7__Evenyourproblemisnottheretofrightenyou,buttochallengeyoutogetbetterandmovehigher.Yourcurrentproblemthatlookslikeyournumberoneenemyisactuallyyourfriendindisguise,alwaystryingtoensurethatyoubringouttheverybestinyourself.
Youbelievedyoucoulddoitinthefirstplace.Thatwaswhyyoustarted.Youbelievedyoucouldachieveit.__8__Whyhaveyoudecidedtobetray(背叛)thisstrongbeliefyouhadinyourself?
Everyproblemofyesterdayisthesuccessstoryoftoday.Iamsureyouwanttobenicelydressedupinyoursuit,andtobeonthecenterstagewithamicrophoneprobablyinyourhands.__9__
Theproblemyouarefacingnowiswhatwillgiveyoutheexperienceyouneedwhenyougettothenextlevel.Peoplethatlearnedfromtheirproblemsareabletocopebetterwhentheygettothenextphaseoftheirlife.
Theproblemandyourpromotionaredirectlyproportional(成比例的).__10__Themoreyourunfromyourproblem,themoreyouloweryourpromotion.Soit'suptoyoutodecidenow.Bewise.
A.Thereisnoneedinstoppinghalfway.
B.Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.
C.Youarestrongerthanyourcurrentproblem.
D.Thatwaswhyyouputallyourefforttogethertostartit.
E.Thebiggeryourproblem,thebiggeryourpromotion.
F.Youtellpeoplehowyoumadeittothetop.
G.Allofusmaycomeacrossproblemswhenweachieveourgoal.
C
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,mobilephoneshavebeenanimportantcommunicationtoolinourmodernlife.__11__
First,__12__Ifwehaveamobilephone,itispossibleforustoaccessanyoneatanytimeandanywhere.Wecouldcallourclientsandcustomersforbusiness.Andwecansendmessages,includingtextandpicturemessagestoourfriendsforpersonalaffairs.
Besides,mobilephoneshavebeenmulti-functionalnowadayssinceitsadvanceddevelopment.Itcouldtakephotosinsteadofdigitalcameras.Itcoulddownloadinformationfromcomputersdirectly.Itcouldbeusedasaradioorrecorderorforplayingmusic.__13__
__14__Sometimeswewouldnotliketobeavailabletoanybodyatanytime;sometimeswereceivesomanyrubbishmessages.
Inconclusion,__15__Itisreallyagreatinvention,whichmakesourlifemoreconvenientandmorecolorful!
A.Butsometimesmobilephonescanalsomakeyouinadilemma.
B.mobilephonesbringusmorebenefitsthandisadvantages.
C.mobilephonesreallybringgreatconveniencetoourlives.
D.mobilephonesplayanimportantpartinourwork.
E.However,somesmalltroubleswouldvisityouafterusingitforsometime.
F.Anditalsocouldbeagameplayer.
G.Thankstoit,ourlifebecomeseasyandcolorful.
D
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Throughtheyears,I'venoticedthatstudentshavetroubleforavarietyofreasons.However,therearesomesimplemeasuresthathavesurprisinglypositiveimpactsonyourlearning.Belowisalistofmeasuresyoucantaketoimproveyourgrade.
Makesureyourlifeisnotinchaos.__16__Somechaosinlifesurroundingfamily,finances,personalrelationships,etc.,isnormal,butinrareinstancesitbecomesoverwhelming.Ifyouhavesuchmajorissues,thenyoushouldgetsomehelp.
__17__Itisgoingtobehardtodowellinaclass,ifyoudon'tknowwhenassignmentsandexamsareoccurring,howmuchtheyareworthintermsofyourgrade,andwhatyoushouldread.Getacalendarandmarkdownallofthesedatesforallofyourclassesfortheentiresemester.
Planahead.Onceyougetorganized,begintothinkahead.Youshouldalwaysberoughlyawareofwhatiscomingupoverthenextmonth,andhaveaveryspecificideaofwhatisexpectedofyouoverthenexttwoweeks.__18__
Readahead.Onereasonwhylecturesdon'talwaysmakesenseisthatyouhavenotdevelopedenoughofacontextinwhichtoframethelecture.__19__Itwillalsohelpyouunderstandwhatisgoingoninlecture.
Don'tignorethesignals.Ifyoudopoorlyonanexamoronsomehomework,somethingiswrong.Ifyoufindyourselfcrammingthenightbeforeanexam,stayingupallnightdoingschoolwork,missingoneclasstocompleteworkforanother,etc.,somethingiswrong.__20__
Ofcourse,readingthislistisnotenough,youmusttakeaction.
A.Getorganized.
B.Takegoodnotes.
C.Thereisnoexcusenottoattendclass.
D.Readingtherequiredmaterialbeforeitisdiscussedinclassgivesyouthiscontext.
E.Ifyouwaittoolongtoactonsuchsignals,therewillbelittleanyonecandotohelp.
F.Itisobviouslyhardtolearnifyourlifeoutsideoftheclassisinacompletemess.
G.Beingabletocompleteanassignmentslowlybeforeadeadlinewillmakeforabetterproject.
E
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whyshouldwebethankful?
Formanydays,Imakeitaruletoholdatwo-minutegratitudesession.Isimplysitorkneelonthefloor,withmyeyesclosed.IthinkaboutwhatI'mgratefulforandwhoI'mgratefulto.Idon'tdoiteveryday,butwheneverIdoit,itmakesmeveryhappy.
Whyshouldwealwaysdothat?
__21__Herearesomereasons:
•Becauseitreminds
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