国际商务第一章课件.docx
- 文档编号:27178662
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:274.73KB
国际商务第一章课件.docx
《国际商务第一章课件.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《国际商务第一章课件.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
国际商务第一章课件
InternationalBusiness
Internationalbusinessisatermusedtocollectivelydescribeallcommercialtransactions(privateandgovernmental,sales,investments,logistics,andtransportation)thattakeplacebetweentwoormoreregions,countriesandnationsbeyondtheirpoliticalboundary.
InternationalBusinessCommercialtransactionsbetweentwocountries跨国商业交易
InternationalBusiness
Chapter1Globalization
Content
Globalization
●OpeningCase1:
LegalOutsourcing
AlawsuitagainstDaAliGShowbySachaB.Cohen
●ThesuitwasprocessedinLosAngeles,U.S.
●ThecasewaspreparedmainlybyateamoflawyersinMysore,India
●Cohenwonthecasewithfewercoststhankstooutsourcing
Globalization
●OpeningCase1:
LegalOutsourcing
LegaloutsourcingtoplacessuchasIndiaandthePhilippinesisgrowing
●Ofthe$180billionAmericansspendonlegalserviceseachyear,about$1billionisoutsourced
●Theannuallygrowthrateis20to30%
Globalization
●OpeningCase1:
LegalOutsourcing
Indiaisfavoredbecause:
●Costsaving
●HourlyratesinU.S.:
$100-$500HourlyratesinIndia:
$20-$60
●Samelawtradition–commonlaw
●GoodEnglishspeakers
●10-to12-hourtimedifference
Globalization
●OpeningCase:
TheGlobalizationofHealthCare
AshortageofradiologistsintheU.S.
●Demandfortheirservicesisgrowingtwiceasfastastherateofgraduation
●Solutiontotheproblem:
sendimagesovertheInternetto
beinterpretedbyradiologistsinIndia
Globalization
●OpeningCase:
TheGlobalizationofHealthCare
Patientstravelinternationallyfortreatments/surgery
●In2004some170,000foreignersvisitedIndiaformedicaltreatments
●in2007some750,000Americanstraveledabroadformedicaltreatment.
●Question:
WilldemandforAmericanhealthservicessooncollapseasworkmovesoffshoretoplaceslikeIndia?
Globalization
Globalization--referstoashifttowardamoreintegratedandinterdependentworldeconomy,includingtwofacets:
1.Globalizationofmarkets
--themergingofhistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsintoonehugeglobalmarketplace
2.Globalizationofproduction
--thesourcingofgoodsandservicesfromlocationsaroundtheglobetotakeadvantageofnationaldifferencesinthecostandqualityoffactorsofproduction(suchaslabor,energy,landandcapital).
●GlobalizationofMarkets
●Inmanyindustries,itisnolongermeaningfultotalkaboutthe“Germanmarket”orthe“Americanmarket”
●Instead,thereisonlytheglobalmarket
Globalization
●Causesforthemergingglobalmarket:
●Fallingtradebarriersmakeiteasiertosellinternationally
●Thetastesandpreferencesofconsumersareconvergingonsomeglobalnorm
●Firmshelpcreatetheglobalmarketbyofferingthesamebasicproductsworldwide
ClassroomPerformanceSystem
Theshifttowardamoreintegratedandinterdependentworldeconomyisreferredtoas
a)economicintegrationb)economicinterdependency
c)globalizationd)internationalization
GlobalizationofMarkets
Globalization
ClassroomPerformanceSystem
Themergingofhistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsintoonehugeglobalmarketplaceisknownas
a)globalmarketfacilitationb)cross-bordertrade
c)supranationalmarketintegrationd)theglobalizationofmarkets
Firmsthatareinvolvedininternationalbusinesstendtobe
a)largeb)smallc)medium-sizedd)large,small,andmedium-sized
●TheMostGlobalMarketsThemostglobalmarketscurrentlyare:
●marketsforindustrialgoods
●microprocessors,computermemorychips,computersoftware,commercialjetaircraft…
●Marketsforrawmaterialsaluminum,oil,wheat
Globalization
●Theglobalizationofproductionreferstothesourcingofgoodsandservicesfromlocationsaroundtheglobetotakeadvantageofnationaldifferencesinthecostandqualityoffactorsofproductionlikeland,labor,andcapital
Companiescompetemoreeffectivelybyloweringtheiroverallcoststructureorimprovingthequalityorfunctionalityoftheirproductoffering
GlobalizationofProduction
●Boeing’sGlobalProduction
●Some30%ofBoeing’s777byvalueisbuiltbyforeigncompaniesfromJapan,Singapore,Italy,etc.
●Some65%ofthe787byvalueisoutsourcedtoforeigncompanies,35%ofwhichgoestoJapanesecompanies.
GlobalizationofProduction
●ServiceOutsourcing
●Companiesoutsourceserviceactivitiestolow-costproducersinothernations
●TheU.S.HospitalsoutsourceradiologyworktoIndian
●IBMandMicrosofthavetheirsoftwaretestedinIndia
●Customercallcentersareoutsourcedtodevelopingcountries
●in2008,some34,000FilipinosweretranscribingAmericanmedicalfiles
GlobalizationofProduction
ClassroomPerformanceSystem
Whichisnotafactorofproduction?
a)tradeb)landc)capitald)energy
GlobalizationofProduction
ClassroomPerformanceSystem
Thesourcingofgoodandservicesfromaroundtheworldtotakeadvantageofnationaldifferencesinthecostandqualityoffactorsofproductioniscalled
a)economiesofscaleb)theglobalizationofproduction
c)globalintegrationd)globalsourcing
GlobalizationofProduction
幻灯片28
Globalization
●Institutionsareneededto:
●helpmanage,regulate,andpolicetheglobalmarketplace
●promotetheestablishmentofmultinationaltreatiestogoverntheglobalbusinesssystem
EmergenceofGlobalInstitutions
Globalization
●Institutionscreatedoverthepasthalfcenturyinclude:
●theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)
●theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)
●theInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)
●theWorldBank
●theUnitedNations(UN)
Globalization
Theemergenceofglobalinstitutions
Globalization
●WTO
●TheWorldTradeOrganization(likeitspredecessorGATT)isresponsibleforpolicingtheworldtradingsystemandmakingsurethatnation-statesadheretotheWTOruleslaiddownintradetreaties
●154nationsthataccountedfor97%ofworldtradewereWTOmembersin2011
●TheWTOpromoteslowerbarrierstotradeandinvestment
●IMF&WorldBank
●TheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldBankwerecreatedin1944
●TheIMFwasestablishedtomaintainorderintheinternationalmonetarysystem
●TheWorldBankwasestablishedtopromoteeconomicdevelopment
UN
●TheUnitedNationswasestablishedin1945to:
●maintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity
●developfriendlyrelationsamongnations
●cooperateinsolvinginternationalproblemsandinpromotingrespectforhumanrights
●beacenterforharmonizingtheactionsofnations
MajorDriversofGlobalization:
1.Decliningtradeandinvestmentbarriers
2.Theroleoftechnologicalchange
DriversofGlobalization
Globalization
DecliningTradeandInvestmentBarriers
Internationaltradeoccurswhenafirmexportsgoodsorservicestoconsumersinanothercountry
Foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)occurswhenafirminvestsresourcesinbusinessactivitiesoutsideitshomecountry
Globalization
DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
AfterWorldWarII,advancedcountriesmadeacommitmenttolowerbarrierstotradeandinvestment
Since1950,averagetariffshavefallensignificantlyandarenowatabout4%
CountrieshavealsobeenopeningmarketstoFDI
DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
AverageTariffRatesonManufacturedProductsasPercentofValue
DriversofGlobalization
Globalization
DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
Lowerbarrierstotradeandinvestmentmeanthat:
firmscanviewtheworld,ratherthanasinglecountry,astheirmarket
thatfirmscanbaseproductionintheoptimallocationforthatactivity
Globalization
DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
GrowthinWorldMerchandiseTradeandProduction,1950-2009(%)
DriversofGlobalization
幻灯片40
Globalization
●DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
●GrowthinWorldMerchandiseTradeandProduction,1950-2009(%)
From1970to2010:
●thevolumeofworldmerchandisetradeexpandedmorethan30times
●Theexpansionofworldproductiongrewcloseto10times
Thevolumeofmerchandisedtradedroppedby12.2%in2009
●In2009theglobalfinancialcrisistriggeredbyproblemsintheU.S.subprimemortgagelendingmarket
Tradedidreboundin2010,withtheWTOforecastinga14.5%growthinvolume
DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
In2009theglobalfinancialcrisistriggeredbyproblemsintheU.S.subprimemortgagelendingmarket
Globalization
●DecliningTradeAndInvestmentBarriers
ForeignDirectInvestment
●TheaverageyearlyoutflowofFDIincreasedfrom$25billionin1975toarecord$1.8trillionin2007
●FDIoutflowsdidcontractto$1.1trillionin2009and2010inthewakeoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,andwereforecastedtorecoverin2011.
●Ingeneral,overthepast30yearstheflowofFDIhasacceleratedfasterthanthegrowthinworldtradeandworldoutput
Whichorganizationisresponsibleforpolicingtheworldtradingsystem?
a)theInternationalMonetaryFundb)theUnitedNations
c)theWorldTradeOrganizationd)theWorldBank
Globalization
●TheRoleOfTechnologicalChange
●Technologicalchangehasmadetheglobalizationofmarketsareality
Importantadvanceshaveoccurredin:
●microprocessorsandtelecommunications
●theInternetandWorldWideWeb
●transportationtechnology
Globalization
●TheRoleOfTechnologicalChange
Thesinglemostimportantinnovation--themicroprocessor
Itscostcontinuestofall,whilethepowerincreases(Moore’sLaw)
●Enablethegrowthofhigh-power,low-costcomputing
●Increasetheamountofinformationexchangedbycompanies
●TheInternetandWorldWideWeb
UsersconnectedtotheInternet:
●Fewerthan1millionin199050millionby1995
●1.97billionby
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 国际 商务 第一章 课件