英文文献方法论.ppt
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英文文献方法论.ppt
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DescribingAcademicWritingCourseMethodologyContentsDefinitionofMethodology1QuestionnaireDesigning2ElementsinMethodologySection3WritingExercises4WhatisMethodology?
1.thesystematic,theoreticalanalysisofthemethodsappliedtoafieldofstudy,orthetheoreticalanalysisofthebodyofmethodsandprinciplesassociatedwithabranchofknowledge;2.theanalysisoftheprinciplesofmethods,rules,andpostulatesemployedbyadiscipline;3.thesystematicstudyofmethodsthatare,canbe,orhavebeenappliedwithinadiscipline;4.thestudyordescriptionofmethods-WikipediaDataCollectionMethods?
QualitativeMethodsobservationin-depthinterviewquestionnairewithopen-endedquestionsdocumentreviewQuantitativeMethodsexperimentstructuredinterview(face-to-face;telephone;computer-assisted)questionnairewithclosedquestions(paper-pencil;mailed;web-based)Whatisaquestionnaire?
laresearchinstrumentconsistingofaseriesofquestionsandotherpromptsforthepurposeofgatheringinformationfromrespondentsladata-gatheringdevicethatelicitsfromarespondenttheanswersorreactionstopre-arrangedquestionspresentedinaspecificorderlaseriesofquestionsaskedtoindividualstoobtainstatisticallyusefulinformationaboutagiventopiclagroupofprintedquestionsusedtocollectinformationfromthepeoplewhoanswerthem(usuallycalledrespondents)lThequestionnairewasinventedbySirFrancisGalton.QuestionTypes?
Closed-endedquestionsopen-endedquestionsOpenquestionsClosedquestionsElicit“rich”qualitativedataElicitquantitativedataEncouragethoughtandfreedomofexpressionCanencouragemindlessrepliesMaydiscourageresponsesfromlessliteraterespondentsAreeasyforallliteracylevelstorespondtoTakelongertoanswerandmayputsomepeopleoffArequicktoanswerandmayimproveyourresponserateAremoredifficulttoanalyzeresponsescanbemisinterpreted.AreeasytocodeandanalyzeAdvantagesandDisadvantages?
P51Stepstodesignaquestionnaire?
1.Decidetheinformationrequired.2.Definethetargetrespondents.3.Choosethemethod(s)ofreachingyourtargetrespondents.4.Designthequestions.5.Putquestionsintoameaningfulorderandformat.6.Checkthelengthofthequestionnaire.7.Pre-testthequestionnaire.8.Developthefinalsurveyform.P51DevelopthequestionwordingDecideonquestioncontent.PracticemakingaquestionnaireWorkinsmallgroupsinanattempttodesignaquestionnairetoobtaininformationaboutstudentsattendanceandreasonsfortheirabsencefromclass.Whatismethodologysectionabout?
lprovidestheinformationbywhichastudysvalidityisjudged.lanswerstwomainquestions:
1)Howwasthedatacollectedorgenerated?
2)Howwasitanalyzed?
lThewritingshouldbedirectandpreciseandwritteninthepasttense.Whatincluded?
Para.ContentsElements12345InvestigateperceptionsofEnglishneedsinamedicalcontextamongcollegestudentsinTaiwan341medicalstudentsintheDepartmentofMedicine,including97freshmen,74sophomores,90juniors,and80seniors,and20facultymembersinthemedicalprogramChungShanMedicalCollegeinTaichung,Taiwan,ChinaTwoquestionnairesThequestionnairewasgiventothemedicalstudents.Thefacultyquestionnairewasgivento20teachers.Thedatawerecomputer-analyzedusinganSPSSprogram.P40-41ResearchobjectiveResearchsubjectsorParticipantsResearchlocationMaterialsProceduresStatisticalanalysisThequestionnairetothestudentsincludes5sectionswith23questions:
ldemographicinformationlimportanceofEnglishincollegeandprofessionalcareerslperceivedlanguageskillneedsandproblemsltheactivitiesneededinafreshmanlanguagecourselsuggestionsfordevelopmentofcoursecontentandmaterialsaswellasdemographicinformation.Questionnairestothestudentsandthefaculty?
Thequestionnairetothefacultywith16questionsin4sectionsP42Whatmaybeincludedinmethodologysection?
DiscussionDiscussion&SummarySummaryP451)Overviewoftheexperiment:
onesentencebrieflytellswhatwasdone(likeatopicsentence);2)Population:
statethepeople/subjectsstudied,orthethingstested;3)Location:
wherethestudytookplace;4)Restriction/Limitingconditions:
precautionstakentomakesurethatthedataarevalid;5)SamplingTechniques:
describehowthesubjectareselectedforthestudy;6)Materials:
describethematerialsusedtoconductthestudyorexperiment;7)Procedures:
Statethestepsoftheexperimentinachronologicalorder;8)StatisticalTreatment:
describehowthestatisticsareexamined.3WritingPracticeKeysforreference3.1Readthefollowingsentences.Theyarealltakenfrommethodsectionsfromdifferentresearcharticles.Ineachcase,determinewhichinformationelementisrepresented.1.Atotalof369participants(52.7%female)ofEuropeanoriginswithameanageof27.2wererecruitedbyresearchassistantsinpublicplacesintheMontrealregion.2.Thedatausedforthecurrentanalysisconsistof60textstakenfrom
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- 英文 文献 方法论