原创高中英语必修3 Module 3 The Voilence of Nature知识点整理二.docx

原创高中英语必修3 Module 3 The Voilence of Nature知识点整理二.docx

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原创高中英语必修3Module3TheVoilenceofNature知识点整理二

必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature

知识点整理二

17.间接引语的用法

★概念：

直接引述别人的话叫直接引语，直接引语的标志是带引号；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语，间接引语不带引号,间接引语一般用宾语从句来表达。

直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、语序、代词、时间状语以及地点状语等都要视情况而进行相应的变化。

（1）人称的变化

直接引语中的第一人称代词变为与主句的主语一致;第二人称代词变为与主句的宾语一致;第三人称代词不需要变化.（一主二宾三不变）

Hesaid，“Idon’tlikethispen.”→Hesaidthathedidn’tlikethatpen.

Heaskedme，“Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?

”→HeaskedmehowlongIhadlivedthere.

Heaskedme，“Isshesleepingnow?

”→Heaskedmewhether/ifshewassleepingthen.

（2）时态的变化

①主句是一般现在时（或一般将来时），从句时态不变。

②主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。

直接引语

间接引语

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在完成进行时

过去完成进行时

一般过去时

过去完成时

学法点拨：

①当直接引语中的谓语动词为过去式时，如果与一个具体的表示过去时间的状语连用，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Myfathersaidtome,“Ireadthebookin1986.”

→Myfathersaidtoldmethathereadthebookin1986.

②当直接引语表达的是客观真理时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun”.

→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.

（3）句型的变化

①直接引语若是陈述句,变为间接引语时用that引导,that可以省略.

Theysaid，“Wewillgotothesupermarketbybus.”

→Theysaidthattheywouldgotothesupermarketbybus.

②直接引语若是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语改为用if/whether（是否）引导的宾语从句.（陈述语序）

Hesaid，“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?

”

→HeaskedwhetherJohncouldcomethatafternoon.

“Youhavealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?

”sheasked.

→SheaskedmewhetherIhadalreadygotwell（ornot）.

Heaskedme,“DoyoustudyEnglishorFrench?

”

→HeaskedmewhetherIstudiedEnglishorFrench.

③直接引语若是特殊疑问句,间接引语变为由who,what,when,where等疑问词引导的宾语从句。

（陈述语序）

Mybrotheraskedme，“Howdoyoulikethebook?

”

→MybrotheraskedmehowIlikedthebook.

④如果直接引语是祈使句，要借肋于tell/ask/ordersb（not）todosth结构。

Theteachersaidtous，“Listentomecarefully.”

→Theteacheraskedustolistentoher/himcarefully.

学法点拨：

①间接引语中引述动词不能用say。

②如果祈使句是否定形式，则不定式前加上否定词not。

祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省略。

（4）代词、时间、地点状语的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词、地点状语、时间状语和某些具有方向性的动词应做相应的改变，列表如下：

直接引语

间接引语

now

then

ago

before

today

thatday

tonight

thatnight

thismorning/week,etc

thatmorning/week,etc.

yesterday

thedaybefore

yesterdaymorning

themorningbefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

threedaysago

threedaysbefore

tomorrow

thenext（following）day

nextweek

Thenext（following）week.

here

there

this

that

these

those

come

go

bring

take

Shesaidtome,“Iliveherefiveyearsago.”

→Shetoldmeshelivedtherefiveyearsbefore.

“Iwilldoittoday,”hesaid.→Hesaidhewoulddoitthatday.

“Ididityesterday,”hesaid.→Hesaidhediditthedaybefore.

Hesaidtome,“Iwillseehernextweek.”→Hetoldmehewouldseeherthenextweek.

（1）Theteachersaid：

“Don’tbelate,Mary.”Theteachertold______.

A.MarynottobelateB.MarytobenotlateC.MaryarenotlateD.nottobelate

（2）Heaskedher,“Whereareyougoing?

”Heaskedher____.

A.wheresheweregoingB.whereshewasgoingto

C.whereshewasgoingD.wheresheisgoing

（3）Theladysaid,“Ishallgothereontime.”Theladysaidthat_____.

A.shewouldcomethereontimeB.shewouldcomehereontime

C.shewouldgotthereontimeD.hewouldgotthereontime

（4）Hesaidtome,“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”

Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather____.

A.theyesterdayB.beforetodayC.thedaybeforeD.thenextday

（5）Theteacherasked,“Areyouwaitingforthebus?

”

Theteacherasked____forthebus.

A.ifIwaswaitingB.wasIwaitingC.youarewaitingD.Iwaswaiting

（6）Theprofessorsaidthatlight____fasterthansound.

A.travelsB.traveledC.travelD.travelled

（7）Mymotheraskedmetoshowmyhomeworktoher.

Mymothersaidtome,“Show____homework.”

A.hermyB.meyourC.heryourD.mehis

（8）Heaskedme_____finishedmywork.

A.whetherdidIB.ifIdidC.whetherhadID.IfIhad

（9）MrSmithtoldhisstudentsthatDecember25_____ChristmasDay.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe

（10）Heasked____forthecomputer.

A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

（11）Hesaidthathehadvisitedthepark____.

A.lastweekB.aweekagoC.twoweeksbeforeD.beforetwoweeks

（1）A

（2）C（3）B（4）C（5）A（6）A（7）B（8）D（9）A（10）D（11）C

18.时态练习

★某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。

①Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句。

that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前面的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavecomehere.

Itwasthethirdtime（that）hehadmadethesamemistakes.

②在Hardlyhad…done…when…和Nosoonerhad…done…than…句型中，when和than从句中用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”

Hardly（Nosooner）hadIgothomewhen（than）therainpoureddown.

③It+be+一段时间+before从句

这个句式分两种情况：

如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，表示“要过多久才……”；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“过了多久才……”

Itwon’tbelongbeforehesucceeds.他不久就会成功的。

Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.十年后他们又见面了。

★“get+过去分词”可以表示被动。

Shegotmarriedlastweek.她上周结婚了。

Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.那位病人一天进行一次治疗。

（1）Althoughviolentcrimehasgonedownalot,mostofthefall____byadropindomesticviolence.

A.hasbeencauseB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused

（2）—Wereyoulateforthefilm?

—Verylate.Halfofit____bythetimewe____thecinema.

A.wasshown;reachedB.hadbeenshown;reached

C.wasshown;hadreachedD.hadbeenshown;hadreached

（3）—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?

—No,I____.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?

A.werenotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite

（4）Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood,butI_____inmanyworsehotels.

A.wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayed

（5）Thehotelisn’tparticularlygood,butI_____inmanyworsehotels.

A.stayB.havestayedC.wasstayingD.hadstayed

（6）Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.

A.havebeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.hasdesignedD.haddesigned

（7）JohnandI____friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe___eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.

A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen

（8）—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?

—_______.

A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem

C.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem

（9）Ican’tbelievethatyougotfinedforspeeding.I____ofyouasacarefuldriver.

A.thinkB.amthinkingC.thoughtD.havethought

（10）—I’llcallonyouat10:

00tomorrowmorning.

—Sorry,I_____theflighttoShanghaithen.

A.haveenjoyedB.willbeenjoyingC.amenjoyingD.amtoenjoy

（11）—Rememberthefirsttimewemet?

—Sure.You____inthesupermarket.

A.hadshoppedB.haveshoppedC.wereshoppingD.shopped

（12）—Anna,where____you___withsomanythingsinyourhands?

—Tomyoffice.Ithasbeenmovedtothethirdfloor.

A.are;headingB.will;headC.have;headedD.do;head

（13）—WhatdoyouthinkoftheEiffelTower?

—Splendid.WhenIwasinFrance,I___it.

A.havevisitedB.hadvisitedC.couldvisitD.visited

（14）InJapan,allstudents____howtoprepareforandreacttoadisastersinceayoungage.

A.weretaughtB.taughtC.havetaughtD.havebeentaught

（15）—Severalhotelsinthisareaareclosingdown.

—That’sbecausetourismitself_____sincelastyear.

A.isdecliningB.declined（decline[dɪ’klaɪn]下降）C.haddeclinedD.hasbeendeclining

（16）Themostdeliciouscakeintheworld___byMom.Pleasewaitanhourtoenjoyit.

A.makesB.ismadeC.isgoingtomakeD.isbeingmade

（17）MrGreen,Jennyhascometoseeyou.She___foryouinyourofficenow.

A.willwaitB.waitsC.iswaitingD.haswaited

（18）DarkcloudsweregatheringintheskiesoverEurope.Warwassoon_____（break）out.

（19）—Oh,no!

We’retoolate.Thetrain_____（leave）

—That’sOK.We’llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.

（20）Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_____（give）therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.

（1）A尽管暴力犯罪下降了很多，但是这主要是因为家庭暴力的减少。

暴力犯罪的下降主要是因为家庭暴力的影响，即强调对现在的影响，并没有表示“在过去某一时间之前就已经完成的动作”之意。

（2）B（3）C（4）D这家旅馆并不是特别好，但是我住过许多更差的旅馆。

（5）B本句的前半句叙述的是现在的事实，后半句表示的是“到目前为止我曾住过很多更差的旅馆。

（6）B（7）D（9）A我难以相信你会因为超速行驶罚款。

我本以为你是一个谨慎的司机。

由语义可知，“认为”这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

thought表示“本以为”（10）B（11）C（12）A（13）D当我在法国的时候，我去参观了。

可知参观是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。

（14）D（15）D（16）D（17）C（18）tobreak（19）haveleft（20）havebeengiven

19.从句练习

（1）Isthisthereason____sheexplainedinthereportforhersuccessinthejob?

A.whatB.thatC.howD.why

（2）_____isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandmatalkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.

A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It

（3）MrZhangissuchaconsiderate[kən’sɪdərət]体贴的person____allhiscolleagues[‘kɒli:

g]同事liketoworkwith.

A.thatB.soC.whichD.as

（4）Lightning___aflashoflight____occursduringathunderstorm.

A.was;whichB.is;whatC.is;whichD.was;what

（5）Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what

（6）Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where

（7）Irefusetoaccepttheblame[bleɪm]责备forsomething____wassomeoneelse’sfault.

A.whoB.thatC.asD.what

（8）Thereason___hegivesfornotcomingisthathismotherwon’tlethim.

A.forwhichB.whyC.whichD.because

（9）—WhatmakesyouthinkBettyisnotlikelytosucceed?

—______.

A.SheistoolazyB.Becausesheistooweak

C.AssheisnotexpertenoughD.Herlackofexperience

（10）ThereasonIdidn’tgotoschoolthatdaywas____ill.

A.duetoB.thatIfellC.becauseoffallingD.becauseIfell

（11）I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool___ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which

（12）By16:

30,__wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.

A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that

（13）Ifyoucomeacrossaword___meaningyouhaveforgotten,pleaselookitupinthedictio