语法被动语态.docx
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语法被动语态.docx
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语法被动语态
学子文化教案
学生:
年级:
科目:
教师:
日期:
教学目标
语法:
被动语态
教学过程
初中英语被动语态小结
英语的谓语动词有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
1).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:
ManypeoplespeakChinese.
谓语:
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
2).被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:
Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.英语English是动词speak的承受者。
请比较:
Tombrokethewindow. (主动语态)
① ② ③
ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.(被动语态)
③ ② ①
从以上对比可以看出,主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom,主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。
由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语,因此,只有及物动词才有被动语态
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:
am/is/are+spoken
一般过去时:
was/were+spoken
一般将来时:
will/shallbe+spoken
现在进行时:
am/is/arebeing+spoken
过去进行时:
was/werebeing+spoken
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+spoken
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:
TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。
Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.---Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory---.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
Hecutdownatree.--- Atreewascutdownbyhim.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.---Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Theyshoulddoitatonce.---Itshouldbedoneatonce.
被动语态专项练习
请写出被动语态的基本结构:
________________________________
A.一般现在时的被动语态结构:
is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词+其它+bysb.
1.Football(play)allovertheworld。
2.Manytrees(plant)inNorthChina.
3.Rice(grow)inSouthChina.
4.Acamera(use)fortakingphotos
5.Ioften(ask)todothiswork.
B.一般过去时的被动语态结构:
was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其它+bysb.
1.Thehouse(build)in1978.
2.Allthestudents_____________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday
3.Thecar(clean)byDadyesterday.
4.I(tell)towaitforhimrighthere.
5.Whenthepresent(give)tohimbyhismother?
C.含有情态动词的被动语态结构:
情态动词can/may/must/should+be+及物动词的过去分词+其它+bysb.
1.Chocolatemay(send)tohimasapresent.
2.Computersshould(look)afterwell.
3.Canthiskindofmachine(mend)byUncleWang?
4.Nostarscan(see)intheday-timebyus.
5.Musttheoldpeople____________(speak)topolitely?
D.你能试着做一做含有其它时态的被动语态吗?
1.Theletter(write)byLinTaonow.
2.Thebridge(finish)nextmonth.
3.TheCD-ROMs(sell)already.
4.Theblackboard(clean)whenIcamein.
一.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。
1.English______widely______(use)intheworld.
2.Thesepicturesmust_______(keep)well.
3.She______(fall)illlastnight,andshe______(take)tothehospitalatonce.
5.TheGreatWall________(know)allovertheworld.
6.______thestreetlightsusually______(turn)onatseveninsummerevening?
7.______thiskindofcar______(produce)inWuhan?
8.______thedoctor______(send)forlastnight?
9.Weusedateapotbeforethethermos______(invent).
10.Threechildren______(take)goodcareofbythenurse.
11.Somenewhouses______(build)bythevillagersthemselves.
12.Whatlanguage______(speak)inJapan?
13.Theblackbike______(buy)inthatshopthreedaysago.
14.ThedoctorsaidJimmust______(operate)onatonce.
15.Thebigtree______(blow)downinthestormlastnight.
二.将下列主动语态改为被动语态。
1.Youneedn’tdoitnow.
2.Youmustfinishyourhomeworknow.
3.Wecandotheworktoday.
8.Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.
9.Yesterdayweplayedfootballafterschool.
10.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.
11.Heoftenhelpshisbrother.
测评:
.单项选择(选自各地中考题)
()1.Themedicine______inadryandcoolplace.(2000年重庆市中考题)
A.keepB.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeep
()2.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust______downtoomanytrees.(2001年安徽省中考题)
A.stoptooutB.stopfromcutting
C.bestoppedtocutD.bestoppedfromcutting
()3.Thekey______forlockingtheclassroomdoor.(2001年广西省中考题)
A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use
()4.Anewschool______overthereintwoyears.(2001年四川省中考题)
A.maybuildB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt
()5.Computersareveryuseful.Forexample,theycan______sendinge-mail.(电子邮件)(2001年苏州市中考题)
A.useforB.beusedofC.beusedforD.useof
()6..—Whatanicegarden!
—It______everyday.(2000年武汉市中考题)
A.iscleaningB.hascleanedC.mustcleanD.iscleaned
()7.Thiswork______nextweek.(2000年广西省中考题)
A.mayfinishB.finishC.finishesD.maybefinished
()8.Myhouse______in1995.Wehavelivedtherefornearlyfiveyears.(2000年广西省中考题)
A.wasbuiltB.hasbuiltC.isbuiltD.werebuilt
()9.Thelostboy______earlythismorning.(2000年四川省中考题)
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.wasfoundD.founded
()10.Thatwhitebuilding______twoyearsago,butitisquiteoldnow.(2000年河北省中考题)
A.builtB.wasbuiltC.isbuiltD.builds
()11.Thebigtree______bymymothertenyearsago.(2000年甘肃省中考题)
A.wasplantedB.plantedC.hasplantedD.wasplanting
评价
学习习惯:
学习内容:
反馈
学生:
家长:
附加练习:
将下列句子变为被动语态。
1. Heoftenhelpshisbrother.
2. PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.
3. Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.
4. Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.
5. Heaskedmetoworkonthefarmwithhim.
6. Myfatherismendingmybike.
7. Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine.
8. We’regoingtoholdameetingthisafternoon.
9.Hismotherhadtoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.
10.Theyshoulddoitatonce.
11.Theyalwayscleantheirclassroomafterclass.
12.Grandfatherwillsendmeapresentformybirthday.
13.Tomwouldlookupthewordinthisdictionary.
14.WewilltakesomephotosontheGreatWall.
15.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.
16.Shehastoldthepolicewhathadhappened.
17..Wemustfinishtheworkbysixo'clockthisafternoon.
18.Theyhadplayedbasketballwellbeforetheylefttheschool.
19.Weweregoingtowaterthetreessoon.
二. 被动语态填空
1.Knivesforcuttingthings.(use)
2. Rice(grow)inthesouthofChina.
3. thiskindofcar(make)intheUSA?
4. LiMing(ask)toattendthemeetingyesterday.
5. Somepresents(buy)bymysisterformeeverybirthday.
6.thecake(make)byyourmotheryesterday?
7.Whatit(make)of?
Paper.
8. Heoften(hear)(sing)intheroom.
9.Theworkers(make)(work)for12hoursbythebosseveryday.
10. Manystars(cansee)atnight.
11. Yourbike(mustnotput)there.
12.Computers___________(oftenuse)inourmathslessons.
13.Thebook“TomSawyer”__________(write)byMarkTwain.
14.Theplay_________(show)againnextmonth.
15.Justnowhe_____(be)askedifthemeeting______(hold)nextFriday.
16.Thetreesshould_______(water)oftenafterthey______(plant).
17.Greatchanges_______(take)placeinmyhometownduringthelastthreeyears.
18.Ifit______(think)carefully,itwill_____(do)better.
19.When______themeeting_____(have),todayortomorrow?
20.Mybook_______(keep)onthatshelffortwodays.
三.选择题
()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
()6Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'sselling
C.It'sbeensoldD.Ithadbeensold
( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublished B.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished
()12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
( )13Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten
()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
()15-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
( )19Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
( )20Where___theseboxes
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
( )21Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
( )23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.i
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