1最新版高考英语语法名词性从句详解讲义和习题.docx
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1最新版高考英语语法名词性从句详解讲义和习题.docx
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1最新版高考英语语法名词性从句详解讲义和习题
名词性从句
1.定义
起名词性作用的从句,叫名词性从句。
换言之,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分,换由一个句子来充当,这样的句子就是名词性从句。
主语从句
Hisjobisimportant(Whathedoes)isimportant.
宾语从句
Ilikehisjob.Ilike(whathedoeseveryday).
表语从句
Thisishisjob.Thisis(whathedoeseveryday).
同位语从句
IknowTom,ourmonitor.Iknowthefact(thatLucyismarried).
2.分类
名词性从句包括四大从句:
主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
3.结构(常见)
主语从句:
(连接词引导的句子)+谓语+(宾语)
宾语从句:
主语+谓语+(连接词引导的句子)或者介词+(连接词引导的句子)
表语从句:
主语+系动词+(连接词引导的句子)
同位语从句:
抽象名词+(连接词引导的句子)
4.起止点
起点:
1)通常是从连接词开始。
2)连接词that省略时,从第二个主语开始。
名词性从句的止点
止点:
1)通常是连接词词后面的标点符号。
2)连接词后面的第二个谓语动词前。
IbelieveIcanfly.
Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.
Whethershewillcomebackontimedependsonweather.
Iknewthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.
Whowillgotothecollegeisstilluncertain.
TheyagreewithwhatIsaidjustnow.
宾语从句
1.宾语概念①动作的承受者—动宾;②介词后的名词、代词和动名词—介宾
2.可以作宾语的成分
She is doing her homework now.名词
We often help him.代词
He likes to play basketball.非谓语todo
We enjoy walking. 非谓语doing
She says(that)she is ill.从句
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
介词宾语
Hegavemeabookyesterday.双宾语
3.宾语从句概念从句在主句中作宾语
4.宾语从句的分类
1)动词后宾语从句
结构:
①及物动词+宾语从句②及物动词+宾语1+宾语从句
Iknowthatwellbegunishalfdone.
Hepromisedusthathewouldofferusmoreassistslateron.
Hehasinformedmewhenheistosolvetheproblem.
注:
谓语动词通常为接双宾语的及物动词,如tell,give,inform等,结构通常为v.+sb.+sth.
考查形式为:
“v.+(v.+其它)”
Allofushavealreadyknownshewillchooseistheopportunitytogoabroad
2)介词后宾语从句
结构:
介词+宾语从句
Wearenotinterestedinwhetheryouwillagreewithusaboutwhowillwinthegame.
Whenyouarereading,makeanoteofwhatyouthinkisofgreatimportance.
注:
在介词后的宾语从句中,连接词that不可以省略。
在介词后宾语从句中,表达“是否“时,只能用whether,不能用if
3)形容词后宾语从句
结构:
形容词+宾语从句,这类形容词为表示个人情感的,如afraid,worried,或表示确定性的,如positive,sure,certain等。
Iamafraid(that)youhavemisunderstoodyourboss.
Wearenotsurewhetherwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.
注:
形容词后宾语从句连接词that可以省略。
形容词后宾语从句表达“是否“时,可以用whether/if
5.宾语从句连接词
连接词1:
that:
无成分;无意义
LinTaoknows(that)histeamisevenbetter.
He said that he could finish his work before supper.
可省略:
①动词和形容词后的宾语从句②不放于句首的主语从句(it作形式主语,that从句放在句末,可以省略)
We know (that) sound can travel through air.
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the party.
不可省略:
1)在介词短语后的宾语从句中that常不可省略。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
2)引导句首的主语从句、同位语从句及表语从句时,通常不可省略。
We heard the news that our team had won.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
That you didn’t go to the party was a pity.
3)并列宾语从句,第一个that可省,第二个that不可省略。
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better.
4)在双宾语结构中,that从句充当直接宾语或是间接宾语时,不可以省略that。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
连接词2:
if/whether无成分;有意义(是否)
Hewonderedif/whetherhecouldpasstheexam.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
区别:
If只能引导两种名词性从句:
动词和形容词后的宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。
whether四种从句均可以引导。
即,
1)在介词后的宾语从句,不用if。
2)放于句首的主语从句,不用if。
3)引导表语从句,不用if。
4)引导同位语从句,不用if。
5)两个不紧跟①不紧跟ornot结构,即whetherornot连在一起可以,但if不可以。
而“whether-----ornot=if-----ornot”②不紧跟todo结构,即whethertodo可以,但if不可以.
Iaskedher__________shehadabike.
wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
We’reworriedabout________heissafe.
Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.
Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.
Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.
Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestiontheoldmanwillrecoversoon.
The question is to go or stay.
连接词3:
连接副词:
作状语;有意义
I don't know when he will come back.
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.
I didn't know how you use the new phone.
He said how beautiful those flowers were.
连接词4:
连接代词:
who(作主/宾;谁)whom(作宾;谁)whose(作定;谁的)which(作定/主/宾;哪个)what(作主/宾/表/定;什么,所)
Iwonderwhowillteachus.
Idon'tknowwhom/whoyoulike.
Mr.Wangaskedwhosebookthatwas.
Heaskswhichbookofthemyoulike.
Idon’tknowwhatmakeshimsoexcited.
Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.
Idon’tknowwhatyourproblemis.
Idon’tcarewhatbookyoulike.
连接词5Wh-ever:
成分一致,含义不同,翻译成不论,任一。
Idon’tknowwhowillcome.
I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.
I don’t believe whatever he said.
We’lleatatwhicheverrestauranthasafreetable.
4.注意事项
1)虚拟语气:
坚持(insist)
建议(suggest、propose、advise、recommend)
要求(demand、request、require、desire)
命令(order、command)
宾语从句应使用虚拟语气,结构是should+do,should可省
Isuggestedthatshe(should)finishherhomeworkontime.
2)it作形式宾语
Wehavefounditdifficultthatwecompletethistaskinsuchashorttime.
Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.
3)表怀疑
Idoubtwhether/ifhecanspeakEnglish.
Iamnotsurewhether/ifhecanspeakEnglish.
Idon’tdoubtthatthenewsistrue.
Iamsurethatthenewsistrue.
主语从句
1.主语概念:
句子说明的人或事物。
2.可以作主语的成分
Lucy is a beautiful nurse. 名词
He reads newspapers every day. 代词
Smoking is harmful to the health. 非谓语doing
To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.非谓语todo
What we should do is not yet decided. 从句
3.主语从句结构:
(连接词引导的从句)+谓语动词+(宾语)
(连接词引导的从句)+系动词+表语
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
Howthethiefstolethebikeisstillamystery.
4.考查形式
常见的是首句挖空,其后两个谓语动词的题目形式。
即“(v.+其它)v.+其它”
weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.
Iwillacceptthepresentisnoneofyourbusiness.
5.连接词分类:
Thathestoleabikewastrue.
Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
What you need is more practice.
Which side will win is not clear.
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
6.形式主语_____________________________________________________________
Thathestoleamobilephoneintherailwaystationyesterdaymorningwastrue.
_________wastruethathestoleamobilephoneintherailwaystationyesterdaymorning.
Itisafactthat…事实是……
Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息
Itisaquestionthat………是个问题
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
类似的名词还有:
apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。
Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.
It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.
Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……
Itisclearthat…很清楚……
Itislikelythat…很可能……
Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有:
strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;unusual;certain;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.
Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.
Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.
Itisclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.
Itissaidthat…据说……
Itisreportedthat…据报道……
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……
Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有:
known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;foundout,etc.
Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.
Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.
Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.
Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.
ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.
表语从句
1.表语概念:
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
2.系动词分类
感官:
look,sound,taste,smell,feel
Hervoicesoundssweet.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
似乎:
seem,appear
Heseems(tobe)verysad.
变化:
become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run
Hebecamemadafterthat.
终止:
prove,turnout
Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.
持续:
remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,hold
Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.
Thedoorremainsopen.
3.可以作表语的成分:
I am a teacher.名词
He is always happy.形容词
They are on the playground now.介词短语
His job is to paint the walls. 非谓语todo
Hisjobisservingthepeople.非谓语doing
This is what he said.从句
4.考查形式为
最常见的是系动词之后挖空的题目形式。
即,“系动词(+动词+其它)”
Ourconcernwasthepoorwascaredfor.
5.连接词分类:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
That’sjustwhatIwant.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
This is why she is so happy today
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
It looks as if/asthough it is going to rain.
It is because you eat too much
注意判断句子:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotstuckbytheheavyrain.()
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisbecausehegotstuckbytheheavyrain.()
同位语从句
1.同位语概念:
当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的,那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.
We have two children, a boy and a girl.
2.可以作同位语的成分:
She has great concern for us students._______________________
He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. __________________________
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.________
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.________________________
3.同位语从句:
当无法使用一个名词来解释或者补充,需要用到句子来说明这个内涵丰富的抽象名词时,即使用同位语从句。
结构:
抽象名词+(连接词引导的从句)
抽象名词:
idea,suggestion,plan,news,word,fact,problem,question,promise,hope,message,possibility,desire,thought,request ,notice等。
4.考查形式
最常见的抽象名词之后挖空的题目形式,即,“抽象名词(v.+其它)”
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
Theyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetowork.
The question who will take his place is still not clear.
Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.
Thisistheproblemwherewewillgocamping.
I have no idea which wine is best.
We can’t solve the proble
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