课时作业32 Robots.docx
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课时作业32 Robots.docx
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课时作业32Robots
课时作业32 Robots
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I remember watching my first rental (租赁的) movie when I was a kid. My aunt owned a video store and we borrowed a VHS copy of Poltergeist.
In 2004, I was 33 years old, living in and looking for a parttime job to help support our family. My best friend, Mary, a saleswoman at the Blockbuster, suggested I might like working with her at the Blockbuster, and I've been here ever since. Back then, there were five Blockbusters in alone. The movierental business was at its peak (顶点):
we were still storing VHS tapes but DVDs were also coming in, and both were doing well.
When it became clear that DVD was going to supersede VHS, I got very excited because those cassettes were so big and heavy. I often dropped them on my feet. Even then, I never dreamed I would end up managing the last store in town.
For me, the best thing about this job is the people. I love chatting to customers and hearing their opinions on movies. Now I'm the manager, however. I have all kinds of other responsibilities, like handling mountains of paperwork. I'm a bit like an old policeman in a movie who hates the desk job and longs to go back to the beat (巡逻区域). I hate being the manager.
The final store closures happened so fast. At the end of 2017, there were seven Blockbusters left in the US, but by early 2019 there was only our store and one other store in , in the world. Since March when only our store remained, things have been crazy. The local community has been surprisingly supportive, and people have come from all over the world to rent movies:
we're set up close to 5,000 new memberships. Most of them are regulars.
I'll be sad to see the end of video stores. We have several years left on our lease (租期) and, as long as we can continue to pay our staff, we'll stay open. Becoming the last store has given the business a push and we're selling Blockbuster souvenirs. I've watched enough movies to realize there's an end to everything, but hopefully the ending of this story is a long way off.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,介绍了作者对影片租赁的商店Blockbuster的挚爱。
1.What can we learn about the Blockbuster?
A.It was quite popular in the past.
B.It was mainly found in .
C.It provided many parttime jobs for kids.
D.It offered workers high salaries.
答案:
A
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段的My best friend...and both were doing well.可知,影片租赁商店Blockbuster在过去很受人们的欢迎。
2.What does the underlined word “supersede” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Combine. B.Substitute.
C.Copy. D.Represent.
答案:
B
解析:
词义猜测题。
通读第三段的I got very excited because...on my feet.可知,DVD将取代VHS。
3.Why does the author say things have been crazy since March?
A.Because few people want to work in Blockbusters.
B.Because many Blockbusters have broken down.
C.Because VHS tapes and DVDs became hard to buy.
D.Because their store became popular unexpectedly.
答案:
D
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第五段的Since March when only...have been crazy.可知,是因为作者发现许多人前来支持她们的商店。
B
Influenza (more commonly called flu) can easily spread as people move about, making tracking and forecasting flu activity a challenge. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continuously monitors patient visits for flulike illness in the US, this information can lag (落后) up to two weeks behind real time, making it unable to offer accurate prediction. A new study at Boston Children's Hospital, combines two forecasting methods with machine learning to estimate (估计) local flu activity. Its results are published today in Nature Communications.
The ARGONet approach uses machine learning and two flu detection models. The first model, ARGO, uses information from electronic health records, flurelated Google searches and historical flu activity in a given location. In the study, ARGO alone did better than Google Flu Trends, the previous forecasting system that had won much fame in predicting flu since it operated in 2008.
To improve accuracy, ARGONet adds a second model, which draws on spatialtemporal (时空的) patterns of flu spread in neighboring areas. “It employs the fact that the presence of flu in nearby locations may increase the risk of experiencing a disease outbreak at a given location,” explains Santillana, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.
The machine learning system was then fed with flu predictions from both models as well as actual flu data, helping to reduce errors in the predictions. “The system continuously evaluates the predictive power of each independent method and adjusts how the information should be used to produce improved flu estimates,” says Santillana.
The investigators believe their approach will set a foundation for accurate public health in infectious diseases. “I believe our models will surely become more accurate over time as more online search data are collected and as more health care providers offer cloudbased electronic health records,” says Fred Lu, an investigator and first author on the paper.
本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了一种新型的流感预报系统。
4.Why does the CDC have inaccurate forecasts of flu?
A.It has postponed research data.
B.It fails to use current technology.
C.It has a limited range of research.
D.It finds it hard to track flu activity.
答案:
A
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段的...this information can lag up to two weeks behind real time...可知,因为疾控中心获取的流感数据有延迟,所以预报的流感也并不准确。
5.What might be the theoretical basis of the second model?
A.Everything changes with the flow of time.
B.It's important to adapt to the environment.
C.One can succeed by focusing on one thing a time.
D.Surrounding environments can have a big influence.
答案:
D
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段的...the presence of flu in nearby locations may increase the risk of experiencing a disease outbreak at a given location可知,周边的环境对当地的流感有很大影响。
6.What might be Fred Lu's attitude toward ARGONet?
A.Positive. B.Objective.
C.Concerned. D.Indifferent.
答案:
A
解析:
观点态度题。
根据最后一段的I believe our models will surely become more accurate over time...可知,Fred Lu对新的流感预测系统非常有信心,持积极的态度。
Ⅱ.七选五
What's the purpose of building patience abilities?
In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. __1__ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Let's just face it. __2__ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. __3__
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don't really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. __4__ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what's actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what's happening, the resistance.
__5__ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I'm bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It's true. I don't like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A.Practice positive selftalk.
B.So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C.Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D.Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E.We ignore the fact that we're in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F.The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.
G.Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1.G 解析:
根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will...hard times.”可知,成功地培养耐心需要花费精力,因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力,因此当更大的麻烦来临时,我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。
故G项符合语境。
2.F 解析:
根据空后的“So the first step...blame and shame.”可推知,保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的,因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。
故选F。
3.B 解析:
根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知,问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面,而是出现在我们的思考方式上,因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。
故选B。
4.E 解析:
根据空前一句“Most of us don't really realize it...painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you.”可知,我们经常忽略了这样一个事实,即我们处于痛苦之中,而我们的关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5.A 解析:
根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知,空处为段落主题句;通读本段可知,本段主要是说要积极地自我对话,故A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Humans are naturally good at focusing on specific voices among the noise—a phenomenon __1__ (know) as the cocktail party (鸡尾酒会) effect. However, automatic speech separation remains to be a bit __2__ (challenge) for computers. Now a new program could stop __3__ (listen) to background noise in videos in order to hear __4__ a particular person on screen is saying.
The program—a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) system—__5__ (design) by Google researchers. It could use both audio and visual cues (提示), such as mouth movements, __6__ (separate) sounds from different speakers in videos. Researchers tested their AI system on cocktail party—like short videos that had two or three people talking with each other, with various __7__ (level) of background noise. By watching and listening to the videos, it could distinguish which sounds were coming from each speaker more accurately __8__ a similar algorithm (算法).
“We are trying to design __9__ faster version of the program now. It will not only improve the speech separation quality __10__ (significant) in mixed speeches, but also associate the sepa
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