完整word版语言学课后练习参考答案.docx

完整word版语言学课后练习参考答案.docx

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完整word版语言学课后练习参考答案

胡壮麟语言学复习及答案

ChapterI  Introductionl.T    2.F    3.F    4.T    5.T    6.F    7.T  8.F    9.T    10.F  

  11.T  12.T  13.T  14.T  15.T  16.F  17.T  18.F    19.F  20.F

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.T

2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.F

3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.F

4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.T

5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.T

6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.F

7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.T

8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.F

9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.T

10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.F

11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.T

12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.T

13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.T

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.T

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.T

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.F

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.T

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.F

19Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.F

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.F

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.knowledge  22.abstract   23.Duality   24.arbitrary

25.syntax  26.genetic27.Parole    28.applied    29.productive  

30.scientific（orsystematic）

21.  Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothepheno广告网址nthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.  

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.3l.C  32.D  33.C  34.D  35.B  36.A  37.C  38.B  39.A  40.D

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive                    B.analytic

C.descriptive                    D.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness                    B.Displacement

C.Duality                          D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primary     B.correctC.secondary    D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD. Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic                  B.diachronic

C.prescriptive                  D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

 A.sociological…psychological    B.psychological…sociological

 C.applied…pragmatic          D.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole     B.performanceC.langue       D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.sense         B.soundsC.objects      D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

 A.displacement B.dualityC.flexibility    D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning   B.teachingC.books     D.bothAandB

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics     42.Phonology    43.Syntax      44.Pragmatics    

45.Psycholinguistics   46.Language 47.Phonetics  48.Morphology  49.Semantics    50.Sociolinguistics    51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness  53Productivity  54.Displacement      55.Duality        56.DesignFeatures57.Competence  58Performance    59.Langue        60Parole

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamples forillustrationifnecessary:

61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor  humancommunication.Explainitindetail.

62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Illustratethemwithexamples.

63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?

64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?

65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?

66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?

67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?

68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?

69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?

Why?

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

  l.T    2.F    3.F    4.T    5.T    6.F    7.T  8.F    9.T    10.F  

  11.T  12.T  13.T  14.T  15.T  16.F  17.T  18.F    19.F  20.F

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.knowledge  22.abstract   23.Duality   24.arbitrary

25.syntax  26.genetic27.Parole    28.applied    29.productive  

30.scientific（orsystematic）

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

3l.C  32.D  33.C  34.D  35.B  36.A  37.C  38.B  39.A  40.D

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.  Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

42.  Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

43.  Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..

44.  Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.

45.  Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.

46.  Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

47.  Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.

48.  Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

49.  Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.

50.  Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.

51.  Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.

52.  Arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds

53.  Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

54.  Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeak