专业英语学习的技巧.docx
- 文档编号:27132059
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:25.34KB
专业英语学习的技巧.docx
《专业英语学习的技巧.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专业英语学习的技巧.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专业英语学习的技巧
“医学影像诊断学”专业英语学习技巧
(1)—词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名篇泰山医学院放射学院影像诊断学教研室卢川为了配合学生们学习“医学影像诊断学”专业英语,本人根据自己的教学经验,总结出如下技巧,供同学们参考。
医学影像诊断学专业英语学习中的技巧包括:
l熟记常用的词根、前后缀和病名l熟记常用的高频词和句型l熟记全文阅读中的关键词l结合专业知识进行阅读和猜测本文针对这几个方面提供了如下相关内容,供同学们参考。
常用的词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名WhyDoWeStudyMedicalTerminology?
ThenumberofMedicalwordsareenormous.Howmanymedicalwordsarethereinamedium-sizedmedicaldictionary?
Theanswerisaround100,000,whichisonlyaconservativeestimate.Moreover,likethejargon(行话)inallforward-moving
fields,thenumberisexpandingsoconstantlyandquicklythatitdefies藐视anymemorization!
MostmedicaltermsarebasedonGreekandLatinwords,whichareconsistent一致的anduniform统一的throughoutmanydifferentareas.TheseGreekandLatinpartsofwordsarecalledtheroot,prefix,suffix,combingvowelsandcombiningforms.Theroot,prefix,suffixcanaidinlearningandrememberingmedicaltermsandevenhelpinmakinginformedguessesastothemeaningofunfamiliarwords.Furthermore,theirnumbersarelimited,about400to500orso(themostactiveones),butthecombinationsderivedfromthemareenormous.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyreachtheconclusionthattolearntheroot,prefix,suffixismuchmoreefficientandmeaningfulthantotrytomemorizeeverymedicalterm.••adeno-腺•angio-血管•arterio-动脉•arthro-关节•atrio-心房;•bi-双,生,生命•blastoma-胚细胞瘤•carcino-癌•card-,cardio-,心,贲门•centesis-穿刺术•cephal-,cephalo-头•cervico-颈•chondr-;chondrio-软骨;
•chromato-;chrom-;chromo-色•colon-结肠•cranio-颅•cyano-青紫,绀•cysto-囊肿,膀胱;•cyto-细胞•dendron-树突•derma-皮,皮肤•diplo-双,两•dys–不良,困难,障碍•enteric-肠•exo-外•fibro-纤维•ganglio-神经节•glio-:
胶质;•glyco-gluco-糖,甜•gon-精液,种子,膝;•graphy--书写,记录,摄影•hemi-半;•hemo-,haemo-血•hepato-肝•histo-组织
•hydro-水•hyper-高,多,超;•hystero-子宫,癔病•iatro-医师,医学•idio-自发,特异;•infra-在下;•inter-间;•intra--内,在内;•latero-侧,旁•leio-平滑•lingo-舌•lysis-;lyso-溶解•-megaly大;•meningo-脑膜,脊膜;•meno-月经•meta-变,转•meta-间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次•mito-线•mono-单,一•morpho-形态,形•muco-黏液•multi-多
•myelo-,myel-,髓,脊髓•myo-肌•necro-坏死,尸体•nephro-肾•neuro/neur-神经•oligo-少;•osteo-骨;•-plasty成形术•pneumo-气,气体,呼吸•poly-多•pseudo-假•pulmo-肺•pyelo-肾盂•pykno-致密•pyloro-幽门;•rectal-直肠的•renal肾的•retro-后,向后,在后•salpingo-管,咽鼓管,输卵管•sarco-肉,肌•scope,镜•semi-半
•sphero-球•sterno-胸骨•sub--下,在下,次,亚•supra-:
上•supra-tentorial幕上的•thoraco-胸•thrombo--血栓•-tomy,切开术•toxico-毒•trans-经,越,横过,•tri-三•uni-一,单;•urino-,uro-,ur-,urono-尿•varico-静脉曲张•vaso-血管•veno-静脉•ventriculo-(脑,心)室•vertebro-椎骨,脊柱•adenoma腺瘤•adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症•adnexitis子宫附件炎•airbronchogram支气管气像
•aorticregurgitation主动脉关闭不全•aorticstenosis主动脉狭窄•arteriovenousmalformation动静脉畸形•arthropathy关节病•astrocytoma胞瘤星形细胞瘤•atelectasis肺不张•atrialseptaldefect房间隔缺损•arteriovenousfistulae,AVF动静脉瘘•bronchialforeignbody支气管异物•bronchiectasis支气管扩张•bronchiolitis细支气管炎•cerebralInfarction脑梗死•chondroma软骨瘤•colonoscopy结肠镜检查术•congestiveheartfailure充血性心力衰竭•consolidation肺实变•coronaryheartdisease冠状动脉性心脏病•craniopharyngioma颅咽管瘤•DWI扩散成像•emphysema肺气肿•ependymoma室管膜瘤.•epiduralhaematoma硬脑膜外血肿
•fillingdefect充盈缺损•fourchambersubcostalview剑突下四腔心•gastriculcer胃溃疡•giantcelltumorofbone骨巨细胞瘤•glioblastoma恶性胶质瘤•glioma胶质瘤•hepaticcavernoushaemangioma肝海绵状血管瘤•hepatocellularcarcinoma肝细胞肝癌•hepatomegaly肝肿大•inferiorvenacava下腔静脉•infertility不孕症,•intraluminalcrater腔内龛影•mediastinalthyroidmass胸内甲状腺•MIP:
MaximumIntensityProjection最大密度投影•MPR:
MultiplePlannarReconstruction多平面重组•musculoskeletal骨肌的•nephrohydrosis肾积水•nephrolithiasis肾石病•niche龛影•Oligodendroglioma少突胶质胞瘤•osteiodosteoma骨样骨瘤•osteochondroma骨软骨瘤
•osteomalacia骨软化症•osteoma骨瘤•osteoporosis骨质疏松症•osteosarcoma骨肉瘤•osteosclerosis骨硬化•patentductusarteriosus动脉导管未闭•pericarditis心包炎•pleuraleffusion胸腔积液•pleuralthickening胸膜肥厚•pneumothorax气胸•prostaticadenocarcinoma前列腺癌•prostitis前列腺炎•prostomegaly前列腺肥大•pulmonaryarterialhypertension肺动脉高压•pulmonaryarterystenosis肺动脉狭窄•pulmonaryembolism肺动脉栓塞•pulmonaryoligaemia肺少血•pulmonaryvalvestenosis肺动脉瓣狭窄•pyloritis幽门炎•pylorostenosis,幽门狭窄•pylorus幽门•renalcellcarcinoma肾细胞癌
•rheumaticheartdisease风湿性心脏病•sequestrum死骨片•splenomegaly脾肿大•SSD:
ShadedSurfaceDisplay表面遮盖显示•subarachnoidhaemorrhage蛛网膜下腔出血•subduralhaematoma硬脑膜下血肿•superiorvenacava上腔静脉.•TetralogyofFallot法洛氏四联症•thelessercurvature胃小弯•thromboembolism血栓栓塞•thrombolysis血栓溶解•thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎•thymoma胸腺瘤•ulceratingcarcinoma溃疡性癌•uterineleiomyoma子宫肌瘤•VE:
VirturalEndoscopy仿真内窥镜•ventricularseptaldefect室间隔缺损•VR:
Volume-RenderingTechnique容积再现
“医学影像诊断学”专业英语学习技巧
(2)—高频词、短语和常用句型篇对病变描述常用的高频词和短语l形态:
round,oval,ovoid,tubular,lobulated,sphericalshape圆形,卵圆形,管状的,分叶的,球形irregularconfiguration形态不规则bulging凸出的l性质:
cystic,solid,complex囊性,实性,混合性l质地:
homogeneous/heterogeneous/inhomogeneous均匀,不均匀l边界:
界限清楚well-defined/wellcircumscribed(限制)/sharplydelineatedborders/sharplymarginated具有明显边缘的界限不清楚ill-defined/poor-defined/unsharpborders/边界不规则irregularborder轮廓清晰smoothcontour有囊包着的encapsulated•扫描的方位:
axial/coronal/sagittal横、矢、冠状位与X线有关的常用高频词和短语•fluoroscopyX线透视检查•plainradiograph平片•chestfilm胸片•PAchestradiograph后前位胸片•lateralchestradiograph侧位胸片•thelateralfilm侧位片•increasedpulmonaryvascularmarkings肺纹理增多
•reductionoflungmarkings肺纹理减少•paucityofvascularmarkings(肺)纹理减少•onbariumstudiesofthegastrointestinalsystem胃肠钡餐透视•onbariumesophagogram.食道钡餐透视Themostfrequentfeatureoftheplainradiographisdilatationoftheascendingaorta与CT线有关的常用高频词和短语密度的描述:
•isoattenuating/isodense等密度•hyperattenuating/hyperdense/highattenuation高密度•hypoattenuating/lowattenuation/hypodense/低密度•mixeddensities混合密度•attenuationclosetothatofwater近似水的密度•CT平扫onprecontrastCT/unenhancedCT:
CT扫描序列•Themostwidelyusedprotocol实验设计,序列forbronchiectasisconsistsof1-1.5mmcollimationscansevery10mmfromthelungapextothediaphragm.
与MR有关的常用高频词和短语信号的描述:
l高/低/等/混合/不均匀信号:
hyperintense/hypointense/isointense/iso-hyperintens/mixeddensity/mixedsignalofhyperintensity/heterogeneouslymassonT1WI/T2WI;l信号流空signalvoidlOnMRthecystistypicallylowsignalonT1WIandhighonT2WI.囊肿的磁共振典型表现是T1WI低信号、高信号T2WI与MR检查技术的评价有关的常用句型•ThetumorishypointenseonT1WIandinhomogeneouslyhyperintenseonT2WI肿瘤在T1WI为低信号,在T2WI为不均匀的高信号•Magneticresonanceimagingistheoptimal理想的techniquefordetectingabnormalitiesoftheaorticsinuses,annulus瓣环,andascendingaortaassociatedwithaorticregurgitationlMRangiographyisnowusedforidentifyingcoronaryarteryanomaliesanddeterminingcoronarybypassgraft旁路移植术,搭桥术patency开放.lAtumorcapsulemaybevisibleinisoattenuatinglesions
与强化有关的高频词、常用短语和句型l轻度/中度/明显/均匀/不均匀/斑片状/边缘-----强化mild/moderate/marked/inhomogeneous/homogeneousenhancement./patchy/rimenhancementl轻到中度强化Enhancementismildtomoderate;l注入对比剂后无强化theabsenceofenhancementafterintravenousinjectionofgadoliniuml静脉注入对比剂后:
followingintravenouscontrastmediumadministration./Followingcontrastenhancement/followingcontrastinjection/intravenouscontrast/followinggadoliniuminjection.l选择性碘离子对比剂注射后afterselectiveinjectionofiodinatedcontrastmedia•Theymayenhancehomogeneously它们均匀强化•Enhancementismildtomoderateandinhomogeneous.轻到中度强化•Thepatchyenhancementmaypersist持续forseveralminutes.斑片状强化可持续几分钟•Ahomogeneousmarkedenhancementisobservedfollowingcontrastinjection明显均匀强化
与超声有关的常用高频词和短语US:
回声的描述lechogenic/hyperechioc/echo-rich强回声lechopenic/hypoechioc/echo-poor低回声lanechoic无回声lisoechoic等回声lmixedpatternofechogenicity混合回声ldorsalacousticshadowing后方声影Thereismarkedlyhyperechoiclesionwithoutdorsalacousticshadowing(声影).超声检查方法评价有关句型•Echocardiography,two-dimensionalandDoppler,arethemostfrequentlyemployedmodalityfor最常用的thediagnosisandassessmentofseverityofaorticstenosis.•Itisalsothepreferredmethodfor首选的monitoringthedimensionofthesinusandascendingaortainpatientswithaortoannularectasia扩张asthecauseofaorticregurgitation.与介入有关的常用高频词、短语和句型
•DSA(DigitalSubtractionAngiography)数字减影•SeldingertechniqueSeldinger技术•tobeinsertedpercutaneously经皮穿刺•Selectivecoronaryarteriographyisperformed(行)usingspeciallyshapedcatheters.•ThemostfrequentlyusedcathetersaretheJudkinscathetersfortherightandleftcoronaryarteries.•ThesecathetersareinsertedpercutaneouslyintothefemoralarteryemployingtheSeldingertechnique.•Balloondilatationofthevalveisnowthepreferredprocedure•Amultiholecatheterisintroducedintothefemoralveinandpassedthroughtherightheartusingfluoroscopicguidance•Contrastmediaisinjectedintothemainpulmonaryarteryforthediagnosisofcongenitalheartdisease•PulmonaryangiographyhaslongbeenrecommendedastheprocedureofchoiceinthepatientwithasuspecteddiagnosisofPE描述CT/MR/US“(可/不很好/清楚的)显示”这类影像学表现的常用动词和句型有主动语态、被动语态和形容词三种形式•主动语态译法:
“CT/MR/US可很好的显示„.;”例句:
•CineMRimageinaxialplaneduringsystoledepicts(显示)asignalvoidemanating发出fromthemitralvalve.Thesignalvoidrepresentsmitralregurgitation•被动语态译法:
“(影像学的表现)„在CT上显示为„”例句:
TheHCCisdepicted(显示)asahyperattenuating,unsharplylimited,multifocallesion•形容词形式句型译法例句:
However,itmaybenondepictable(不显示)onchestradiographyandonlydemonstratedonCTscans.如下是更多的常用于表示“显示”
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 专业 英语 学习 技巧