汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
- 文档编号:27126873
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:76
- 大小:25.53KB
汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
《汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx(76页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献
汽车差速器中英文对照外文翻译文献
Failure
analysis
of
an
automobile
differential
pinion
shaftAbstract
Differential
is
used
to
decrease
the
speed
and
to
provide
moment
increase
for
transmitting
the
movement
coming
from
the
engine
to
the
wheels
by
turning
it
according
to
the
suitable
angle
in
vehicles
and
to
provide
that
inner
and
outer
wheels
turn
differently.
Pinion
gear
and
shaft
at
the
entrance
are
manufactured
as
a
single
part
whereas
they
are
in
different
forms
according
to
automobile
types.
Mirror
gear
which
will
work
with
this
gear
should
become
familiar
before
the
assembly.
In
case
of
any
breakdown,
they
should
be
changed
as
a
pair.
Generally,
in
these
systems
there
are
wear
damages
in
gears.
The
gear
inspected
in
this
study
has
damage
as
a
form
of
shaft
fracture.In
this
study,
failure
analysis
of
the
differential
pinion
shaft
is
carried
out.
Mechanical
characteristics
of
the
material
are
obtained
first.
Then,
the
microstructure
and
chemical
compositions
are
determined.
Some
fractographic
studies
are
2020
Elsevier
Ltd.
All
rights
reserved.Keywords:
Differential;
Fracture;
Power
transfer;
Pinion
shaft
1.
Introduction
The
final-drive
gears
may
be
directly
or
indirectly
driven
from
the
output
gearing
of
the
gearbox.
Directly
driven
final
drives
are
used
when
the
engine
and
transmission
units
are
combined
together
to
form
an
integral
construction.
Indirectly
driven
final
drives
are
used
at
the
rear
of
the
vehicle
being
either
sprung
and
attached
to
the
body
structure
or
unsprung
and
incorporated
in
the
rear-axle
casing.
The
final-drive
gears
are
used
in
the
transmission
system
for
the
following
reasons
[1]:
(a)
to
redirect
the
drive
from
the
gearbox
or
propeller
shaft
through
90°and,(b)
to
provide
a
permanent
gear
reduction
between
the
engine
and
the
driving
road-wheels.
In
vehicles,
differential
is
the
main
part
which
transmits
the
movement
coming
from
the
engine
to
the
wheels
On
a
smooth
road,
the
movement
comes
to
both
wheels
evenly.
The
inner
wheel
should
turn
less
and
the
outer
wheel
should
turn
more
to
do
the
turning
without
lateral
slipping
and
being
flung.
Differential,
which
is
generally
placed
in
the
middle
part
of
the
rear
bridge,
consists
of
pinion
gear,
mirror
gear,
differential
box,
two
axle
gear
and
two
pinion
spider
gears.A
schematic
illustration
of
a
differential
is
given
in
Fig,
1.
The
technical
drawing
of
pinion
the
fractured
pinion
shaft
is
also
given
in
Fig,
2,
Fig.
3
shows
the
photograph
of
the
fractured
pinion
shaft
and
the
fracture
section
is
indicated.In
differentials,
mirror
and
pinion
gear
are
made
to
get
used
to
each
other
during
manufacturing
and
the
same
serial
number
is
given.
Both
of
them
are
changed
on
condition
that
there
are
any
problems.
In
these
systems,
the
common
damage
is
the
wear
of
gears
[2-4].
In
this
study,
the
pinion
shaft
of
the
differential
of
a
minibus
has
been
inspected.
The
minibus
is
a
diesel
vehicle
driven
at
the
rear
axle
and
has
a
passenger
capacity
of
15
people.
Maximum
engine
power
is
90/4000
HP/rpm,
and
maximum
torque
is
205/1600
Nm/rpm.
Its
transmission
box
has
manual
system
(5
forward,
1
back).
The
damage
was
caused
by
stopping
and
starting
the
minibus
at
a
traffic
lights.
In
this
differential,
entrance
shaft
which
carries
the
pinion
gear
was
broken.
Various
studies
have
been
made
to
determine
the
type
and
possible
reasons
of
the
damage.
These
are:
?
studies
carried
out
to
determine
the
material
of
the
shaft;
?
studies
carried
out
to
determine
the
micro-structure;
?
studies
related
to
the
fracture
surface.
There
is
a
closer
photograph
of
the
fractured
surfaces
and
fracture
area
in
Fig.
4.
The
fracture
was
caused
by
taking
out
circular
mark
gear
seen
in
the
middle
of
surfaces.2.
Experimental
procedureSpecimens
extracted
from
the
shaft
were
subjected
to
various
tests
including
hardness
tests
and
metallographic
and
scanning
electron
microscopy
as
well
as
the
determination
of
chemical
composition.
All
tests
were
carried
out
at
room
temperature.2.1
Chemical
and
metallurgical
analysis
Chemical
analysis
of
the
fractured
differential
material
was
carried
out
using
a
spectrometer.
The
chemical
composition
of
the
material
is
given
in
Table
1.
Chemical
composition
shows
that
the
material
is
a
lowalloy
carburizing
steel
of
the
AISI
8620
type.Hardenability
of
this
steel
is
very
low
because
of
low
carbon
proportion.
Therefore,
surface
area
becomes
hard
and
highly
enduring,
and
inner
areas
becomes
tough
by
increasing
carbon
proportion
on
the
surface
area
with
cementation
operation.
This
is
the
kind
of
steel
which
is
generally
used
in
mechanical
parts
subjected
do
torsion
and
bending.
High
resistance
is
obtained
on
the
surface
and
high
fatigue
endurance
value
can
be
obtained
with
compressive
residual
stress
by
making
the
surface
harder
[5-7].In
which
alloy
elements
distribute
themselves
in
carbon
steels
depends
primarily
on
the
compound
and
carbide
forming
tendencies
of
each
element.
Nickel
dissolves
in
the
α
ferrite
of
the
steel
since
it
has
less
tendency
to
form
carbides
than
iron
Silicon
combines
to
a
limited
extent
with
the
oxygen
present
in
the
steel
to
form
nonmetallic
inclusions
but
otherwise
dissolves
in
the
ferrite.
Most
of
the
manganese
added
to
carbon
steels
dissolves
in
the
ferrite.
Chromium,
which
has
a
somewhat
stronger
carbide-forming
depends
on
the
iron,
partitions
between
the
ferrite
and
carbide
phases.
The
distribution
of
chromium
depends
on
the
amount
of
carbon
present
and
if
other
stronger
carbide-forming
elements
such
as
titanium
and
columbium
amount
of
carbon
present
and
if
other
stronger
carbide-forming
elements
such
as
titanium
and
columbium
are
absent.
Tungsten
and
molybdenum
combine
with
carbon
to
form
carbides
is
there
is
sufficient
carbon
present
and
if
other
stronger
carbide-forming
elements
such
da
titanium
and
columbium
are
absent.
Manganese
and
nickel
lower
the
eutectoid
temperature
[8].Preliminary
micro
structural
examination
of
the
failed
differential
material
is
shown
in
Fig.
5.
It
can
be
seen
that
the
material
has
a
mixed
structure
in
which
some
ferrite
exist
probably
as
a
result
of
slow
cooling
and
high
Si
content.
High
Si
content
in
this
type
of
steel
improves
the
heat
treatment
susceptibility
as
well
asan
improvement
of
yield
strength
and
maximum
stress
without
any
reduction
of
ductility
[9].
If
the
micro-structure
cannot
be
inverted
to
martensite
by
quenching,
a
reduction
of
fatigue
limit
is
observed.There
are
areas
with
carbon
phase
in
Fig.
5(a).
There
is
the
transition
boundary
of
carburization
in
Fig.
5(b)
and
(c)
shows
the
matrix
region
without
carburization.
As
far
as
it
is
seen
in
there
photographs,
the
piece
was
first
carburized,
then
the
quenching
operation
was
done
than
tempered.
This
situation
can
be
understood
from
blind
martensite
plates.2.2
Hardness
tests
The
hardness
measurements
are
carried
out
by
a
MetTest-HT
type
computer
integrated
hardness
tester.
The
load
is
1471
N.
The
medium
hardness
value
of
the
interior
regions
is
obtained
as
obtained
as
43
HRC.
Micro
hard-ness
measurements
have
been
made
to
determine
the
chance
of
hardness
values
along
cross-section
be-cause
of
the
hardening
of
surface
area
due
to
carburization.
The
results
of
Vickers
hardness
measurement
under
a
load
of
4.903
N
are
illustrated
in
Table
2.2.3
Inspection
of
the
fracture
The
direct
observations
of
the
piece
with
fractured
surfaces
and
SEM
analyses
are
given
in
this
chapter.
The
crack
started
because
of
a
possible
problem
in
the
bottom
of
notch
caused
the
shaft
to
be
broken
completely.
The
crack
started
on
the
outer
part,
after
some
time
it
continued
beyond
the
centre
and
there
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 汽车 差速器 中英文 对照 外文 翻译 文献
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)