自考00832英语词汇学-自考本科词汇学重点笔记.docx
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自考00832英语词汇学-自考本科词汇学重点笔记.docx
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自暗李科词汇学重点笔记
Lexicology(词汇学):
isabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.
TheNatureandScopeofEnglishlexicology:
EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvesligatingandstudyingthemorphologicalstructunesofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticstructures,relations,historicaldevelopment,formationandusages.
ThesubjectsthatEnglishLexicologycorrelatedwithandextentto:
EnglishLexicologyiscorrelatedwithsuchlinguisticdisciplinesasmorphology(形态学),semantics(语义
学),etymology(词源学),styl istics(文体论)andlexicogr叩hy(词典学)
ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology:
Accordingtothetextbook,EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish.
AgoodknowIedgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower.Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage,andenablethemusewordsmoreoccuratelyandappropriately.Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprcvetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy.
Chapter1--Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary
Word(词的定义):
Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.(l)aminimalfreeformofalanguage
(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmeaning(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence
Soundandmeanhg(声音与意义):
almostarbitrary,ttnologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactuaIthingandideaitself1
Soundandform(读音和形式环统一的四4^H(l)theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans.whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother
(2)thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears(3)someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes(4)theborrowingsisanimporlentchannelofenrickingtheEnglishvocabdary
Vocabulary(词汇):
allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabulary
ClassificationofEnglishWords:
Byusefrequency:
basicwordstockdnonbasicvocabdaryBynotiorvconteritwords Byorigirvnativewordsdborrowedwords Thebasicwordstock(基本词汇): isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.ThoughitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV,itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary. TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock(基本词汇的懒E) 1)AII-Nationalcharacter(全民通用性mostimportant)2)Stability(相对稳定性)3)Productivity(多产性)4)Polysemy(多义性)5)Collocability(可搭配性) 没有上述必御words/DTerminology(术语) (2)Jargon(行话)(3)slang(俚语)(4)Argot(暗语)(5)Dialectalwords(方言)(6)Archaisms(古语)(7)Neologisms(新词语): Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.(email) Contentwords/notiordwords实词《loud,runwalkznever,five,frequently)andfunctionalwords/emptywords虚词(on,of,and,be,but) NativeWordsandBorrowedWords 1/10 Nativewords(本族语词): knownasAnglo-Saxonwords(50,000-60,000),arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes,(mainstreamofthebasicword-$tocks).Twootherfeatunes: (l)neutrdinstyle (2)frequentinuse Borrowedwords/Loanwords(夕卜来语词): wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages。 。 %ofmodernEV) 4Typesofloanwords: 1)denizens(同化词): (shirtfromskyrta(ON)) 2) aliens(非同化词/夕卜来词): areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling(kowtow(CH)磕头) 3) translationloans(译借词): 按其他语言方式组成英语longtimenosee(fromChina) 4) semanticloans(借义词): theyarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,buttheirmeaningsareborrowed Chapter2 thedevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily(印欧语系) TheThreeStagesofDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary: 1OldEnglish(450-1100)(vocabulary50,000to60,000): wasIhighinflectedlanguage. 2MiddleEnglish(1150-1500): retaimsmuchfewerinflections 3ModernEnglish(1500-uptonow): infactmorethan25%ofmodernEwordscomealmostdirectlyfromclassicallanguages.InModernE,wordsendingsweremostlylostwithjustafewexpectionsEngli$hhasevolvedfromasyntheticlangu宇(OldEnglish)tothepresentanalyticlanguage. ModesofVocabularyDevelopment(词汇的发展椒0: 1) creation仓U造新词: theformationofnewwordsbyusingtheexisthgmaterials,namelytootspffixesandotherelements.(最重要方式) 2) semanticchange旧词新义: doesnotincreosethenumberofwordformsbutcreatemanymorenewuseagesofthewords. 3) borrowing借用夕卜
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- 自考 00832 英语 词汇学 本科 重点 笔记
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